Phase relations in the TiO2-CsNO3 system between 550 and 1140 K

Thermodynamic assessment of the hollandite high‐level radioactive waste form

“…Schmitz‐Dumont & Reckhard conducted liquidus measurements for the Cs 2 Ti 2 O 5 –TiO 2 system, reporting the formation of one intermediate stoichiometric compound, Cs 2 Ti 4 O 9 . Grey et al, however, did not observe the formation of Cs 2 Ti 4 O 9 but instead identified the compounds Cs 2 Ti 5 O 11 and Cs 2 Ti 6 O 13 , which were subsequently confirmed by Grey et al, Kwiatkowska et al, Bursill et al, Peres et al, and Kobyakov et al Thus, the Cs 2 Ti 4 O 9 compound, and by extension the liquidus data reported by Schmitz‐Dumont & Reckhard, was neglected while Cs 2 Ti 5 O 11 and Cs 2 Ti 6 O 13 were included in the assessment of the Cs 2 O–TiO 2 system. Grey et al were unable to experimentally determine the liquidus boundary in the analyzed 75‐100 mol% TiO 2 region of the Cs 2 O–TiO 2 system due to Cs volatilization, although phase transition temperatures were reported as follows: Cs 2 Ti 2 O 5 + Cs 2 Ti 5 O 11 → Cs 2 Ti 5 O 11 + melt = 1117 K, Cs 2 Ti 5 O 11 + melt → Cs 2 Ti 6 O 13 + melt = 1373 K, and Cs 2 Ti 6 O 13 + melt → TiO 2 + melt = 1405 K. Lu & Jin summarized TiO 2 melting temperatures measured in varied atmospheres, ultimately adopting the 2185 ± 10 K melting point measured for a near stoichiometric TiO 1.999 sample in a pure oxygen atmosphere.…”

“…Thus, BaO, Cs 2 O, and the additive oxides are dilute with respect to TiO 2 , which assures that two non-TiO 2 oxides are unlikely to interact whereas all will warrant a description of energetic interactions with TiO 2 . As such, Gibbs energies for the solid phases stable in the pseudo-binary systems of the oxides of substitutional elements with TiO 2 were incorporated into the database except for Al 2 31 Kwiatkowska et al, 32 Bursill et al, 33 Peres et al, 34 and Kobyakov et al 35 37,38 were used in the Cs 2 O-TiO 2 system assessment.…”

“…Grey et al 30 were unable to measure liquidus data due to high Cs volatility, and the liquidus data reported by Schmitz-Dumont & Reckhard 29 was neglected as the measurements indicated the formation of Cs 2 Ti 4 O 9 , which did not agree with other experimental studies of the C 2 O-TiO 2 system. [30][31][32][33][34][35] As such, estimation of the Cs 2 O-TiO 2 liquidus curve was required, which was based on the analogous K 2 O-TiO 2 phase diagram reported by Eriksson & Pelton. 46 Table S3).…”

Cs-Doped TiO2 Nanorod Array Enhances Electron Injection and Transport in Carbon-Based CsPbI3 Perovskite Solar Cells

“…%, and there was no specific peak for nitrogen in the doped sample (Figure S3), demonstrating that nitrogen is almost completely removed during annealing, which is consistent with the TiO 2 −CsNO 3 system research. 35 C-PSCs with the structure of FTO/bl-TiO 2 /TiO 2 nanorods/CsPbI 3 /carbon were fabricated and studied, as illustrated in Figure 2a. The current density−voltage (J−V) curves are presented in Figure 2b.…”

“…55 The solution was then deposited on the TiO 2 nanorods at 2000 rpm for 20 s, followed by heating at 450 °C for 1 h in air. 35,54 Deposition of CsPbI 3 Perovskite. The perovskite film was fabricated by a one-step method in dry air (humidity of 10−20%).…”