“…The model, however, lacks a physical basis, violates the second-law of thermodynamics, and cannot accurately describe the experimental data of heat transport. [22][23][24] In addition, the C-V model of heat conduction overlooks the effects of microstructure on the heat transport process. To consider the non-equilibrium thermodynamics process of heat transport during the ultrafast laser heating and micro-macro interactions of heat carriers, a hyperbolic, two-step, phenomenological model was derived by Qiu and Tien 25,26 by solving the Boltzmann equation.…”