Phase Diagram of Li[sub x](Mn[sub y]Fe[sub 1−y])PO[sub 4] (0≤x, y≤1)

Yamada, Atsuo; Kudo, Yoshihisa; Liu, Kuang-Yu

doi:10.1149/1.1401083

Cited by 337 publications

(412 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…However, the LiFePO 4 electrode differs from these systems in that it undergoes a phase change with the lithiated and unlithiated forms having distinct phases, as evidenced from XRD patterns of the material at various stages of lithiation. 1,16 In this paper, we develop a model that accounts for the phase change in the LiFePO 4 active material in addition to describing the porous nature of the electrode. The phase change is modeled using the 'shrinking core' approach that envisions the existence of a core of one phase covered with a shell of the second phase with transport of Li-ions in the shell driving the movement of the phase boundary.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discharge Model for the Lithium Iron-Phosphate Electrode

Srinivasan

Newman

2004

J. Electrochem. Soc.

697

718

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This paper develops a mathematical model for lithium intercalation and phase change in an iron phosphate-based lithium-ion cell in order to understand the cause for the low power capability of the material. The juxtaposition of the two phases is assumed to be in the form of a shrinking core, where a shell of one phase covers a core of the second phase. Diffusion of lithium through the shell and the movement of the phase interface are described and incorporated into a porous electrode model consisting of two different particle sizes. Open-circuit measurements are used to estimate the composition ranges of the single-phase region. Model-experimental comparisons under constant current show that ohmic drops in the matrix phase, contact resistances between the current collector and the porous matrix, and transport limitations in the iron phosphate particle limit the power capability of the cells. Various design options, consisting of decreasing the ohmic drops, using smaller particles, and substituting the liquid electrolyte by a gel are explored, and their relative importance discussed. The model developed in this paper can be used as a means of optimizing the cell design to suit a particular application.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discharge Model for the Lithium Iron-Phosphate Electrode

Srinivasan

Newman

2004

J. Electrochem. Soc.

697

718

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“…The searches focus on all aspects of these batteries, including improved anodes, [6][7][8] cathodes [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] and electrolytes. [18][19][20][21][22] However, most of these efforts are concentrated in new cathode materials, since the most used cathode material (LiCoO 2 ) is expensive and is somewhat toxic.…”

Section: Initial Remarksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cathodes for lithium ion batteries: the benefits of using nanostructured materials

Camilo¹,

Torresi²

2006

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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As celas de íon lítio disponíveis comercialmente, as quais são as mais avançadas entre as baterias recarregáveis disponíveis até agora, empregam óxidos de metais de transição microcristalinos como catodos, os quais funcionam como matrizes de inserção de lítio. Em busca por uma melhor performance eletroquímica, o uso de nanomateriais no lugar dos materiais convencionais tem emergido como excelente alternativa. Nesta revisão nós apresentaremos uma breve introdução sobre as motivações de usar materiais nanoestruturados como catodos em baterias de íon-lítio. Para ilustrar tais vantagens apresentamos exemplos de pesquisas relacionadas com a preparação e dados eletroquímicos dos mais usados catodos em nanoescala, tais como LiCoO 2 , LiMn 2 O 4 , LiMnO 2 , LiV 2 O 5 e LiFePO 4 .Commercially available lithium ion cells, which are the most advanced among rechargeable batteries available so far, employ microcrystalline transition metal oxides as cathodes, which function as Li insertion hosts. In search for better electrochemical performance the use of nanomaterials in place of these conventional ones has emerged as excellent alternative. In this review we present a brief introduction about the motivations to use nanostructured materials as cathodes in lithium ion batteries. To illustrate such advantages we present some examples of research directed toward preparations and electrochemical data of the most used cathodes in nanoscale, such as LiCoO 2 , LiMn 2 O 4 , LiMnO 2 , LiV 2 O 5 e LiFePO 4 .Keywords: nanotechnology, lithium-ion battery, cathode, nanoparticles Initial RemarksSince Sony introduced its 18650 cell in 1990, 1 Li-ion batteries with excellent electrochemical performance have been manufactured and occupied a prime position in the market place 2 to power portable and non-portable devices. [3][4][5] The reason for this relevance is that compared to traditional rechargeable batteries such as, lead acid and Ni-Cd, the lithium-ion battery shows several advantages, such as lighter in weight, smaller in dimension and higher energy density. 1 Moreover, although capacity values may be similar to other rechargeable systems, voltages are approximately three times higher, affording higher energy. 1 In general, the commercial lithium-ion batteries use graphite-lithium composite, Li x C 6 , as anode, lithium cobalt oxide, LiCoO 2 , as cathode and a lithium-ion conducting electrolyte. When the cell is charged, lithium is extracted from the cathode and inserted at the anode. On discharge, the lithium ions are released by the anode and taken up again by the cathode (Figure 1).Owing to the importance of lithium ion batteries, these cells are still object of intense research to enhance their properties and characteristics. The searches focus on all aspects of these batteries, including improved anodes, 6-8 cathodes 9-17 and electrolytes. [18][19][20][21][22] However, most of these efforts are concentrated in new cathode materials, since the most used cathode material (LiCoO 2 ) is expensive and is somewhat toxic.The active catho...

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“…LiMnPO 4 has 4.1 V vs. Li higher potential than that of LiFePO 4 [2]. Some groups researched LiMn x Fe 1-x PO 4 of having two-plateau potential [3][4][5]. The more energy density than that of single composition LiFePO 4 would be expected.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Evaluation of Olivine Nanosheets from Layered Ammonium Iron Phosphate Monohydrate

Togo¹,

Nakahira²

2017

J Material Sci Eng

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The synthesis of novel microstructured LiFePO 4 with advantageous nanosheets for Li ion conductivity was attempted. Using layered NH 4 FePO 4 •H 2 O as raw material, LiFePO 4 nanosheet was synthesized by the hydrothermal process in LiCl solution. Prepared NH 4 FePO 4 •H 2 O was several tens micrometer sized sheet with about 200 nm in thickness. As Li ion resource, various LiCl solution like deionized water, ethanol, and ethylene glycol were prepared through subsequent hydrothermal process and the effect of a kind of solvents for LiCl solution on the microstructure of products treated by the hydrothermal process was investigated for LiFePO 4 nanosheets synthesis. The products of LiFePO 4 nanosheet were characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, FT-IR and ICP. Regardless of a kind of solvents, LiFePO 4 nanosheet was composed of arranged nano-blocks, although the size and morphology of nano-blocks was different in each solvent.

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Phase Diagram of Li[sub x](Mn[sub y]Fe[sub 1−y])PO[sub 4] (0≤x, y≤1)

Cited by 337 publications

References 19 publications

Discharge Model for the Lithium Iron-Phosphate Electrode

Discharge Model for the Lithium Iron-Phosphate Electrode

Cathodes for lithium ion batteries: the benefits of using nanostructured materials

Synthesis and Evaluation of Olivine Nanosheets from Layered Ammonium Iron Phosphate Monohydrate

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