Phase Angle from Bioelectric Impedance and Maturity-Related Factors in Adolescent Athletes: A Systematic Review

Jerônimo, Aline Ferreira de Araújo; Batalha, Nuno; Collado-Mateo, Daniel; Parraça, José A.

doi:10.3390/su12124806

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Second, it did not include a measure of the players' stage of maturation. Since PhA appears to be affected by the pubertal stage 38 , the inclusion of a measure of maturation would have provided a more informative outcome on its relationship with physical performance, perhaps clarifying the unexpected non-significant association between PhA and 10-m sprint. Either way, the current results provide preliminary convincing evidence about the association between BIA-related parameters (i.e., PhA and LST) and anaerobic performance (jumping and sprinting) from a number of selected athletes (elite soccer players), representing a homogenous sample less affected by within-group variability.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of phase angle and appendicular upper and lower body lean soft tissue with physical performance in young elite soccer players: a pilot study

Bongiovanni

Rossi

Iaia

et al. 2022

J Sports Med Phys Fitness

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of phase angle and appendicular upper and lower body lean soft tissue with physical performance in young elite soccer players: a pilot study

Bongiovanni

Rossi

Iaia

et al. 2022

J Sports Med Phys Fitness

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“…Recent studies have focused on evaluating factors influencing the vector position of athletes, including maturity status, [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ] dehydration [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ], and fitness level [ 15 ]. Since the bioelectric properties of body tissues depend on body fluids and cells’ membrane integrity [ 16 ], the main determinant of the vector position in the R-Xc graph is the TBW and the distribution of the fluids among the two compartments (ICW and ECW).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body Water Content and Morphological Characteristics Modify Bioimpedance Vector Patterns in Volleyball, Soccer, and Rugby Players

Campa

Silva

Matias

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Background: Bioimpedance vector analysis (BIVA) is a widely used method based on the interpretation of raw bioimpedance parameters to evaluate body composition and cellular health in athletes. However, several variables contribute to influencing BIVA patterns by militating against an optimal interpretation of the data. This study aims to explore the association of morphological characteristics with bioelectrical properties in volleyball, soccer, and rugby players. Methods: 164 athletes belonging to professional teams (age 26.2 ± 4.4 yrs; body mass index (BMI) 25.4 ± 2.4 kg/m2) underwent bioimpedance and anthropometric measurements. Bioelectric resistance (R) and reactance (Xc) were standardized for the athlete’s height and used to plot the vector in the R-Xc graph according to the BIVA approach. Total body water (TBW), phase angle (PhA), and somatotype were determined from bioelectrical and anthropometric data. Results: No significant difference (p > 0.05) for age and for age at the start of competition among the athletes was found. Athletes divided into groups of TBW limited by quartiles showed significant differences in the mean vector position in the R-Xc graph (p < 0.001), where a higher content of body fluids resulted in a shorter vector and lower positioning in the graph. Furthermore, six categories of somatotypes were identified, and the results of bivariate and partial correlation analysis highlighted a direct association between PhA and mesomorphy (r = 0.401, p < 0.001) while showing an inverse correlation with ectomorphy (r = −0.416, p < 0.001), even adjusted for age. On the contrary, no association was observed between PhA and endomorphy (r = 0.100, p = 0.471). Conclusions: Body fluid content affects the vector length in the R-Xc graph. In addition, the lateral displacement of the vector, which determines the PhA, can be modified by the morphological characteristics of the athlete. In particular, higher PhA values are observed in subjects with a high mesomorphic component, whereas lower values are found when ectomorphy is dominant.

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“…Moreover, within a small chronological age range during adolescence, differences in maturity status may be significant within and between boys and girls. Hence, pubertal growth changes and maturity-associated variation in body dimensions and composition likely influence the interpretation of PhA, particularly among adolescents around peak height velocity (PHV) age ( 23 ). However, data considering the influence of maturity status on PhA is limited and mostly based on samples of young athletes ( 24 – 28 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-, sex-, and maturity-associated variation in the phase angle after adjusting for size in adolescents

et al. 2022

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BackgroundApplied research using the phase angle (PhA) in children and adolescents has increased notably. Using multilevel modeling in a fully Bayesian framework, we examined the relationships between PhA, age, sex, biological maturity status, and body size in 10–16-year-old adolescents.MethodsThe sample comprised 519 adolescents (women, n = 241; men, n = 278) from Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil. Biological maturity status was assessed with self-examination of pubertal development for sexual maturity and maturity offset protocol to estimate age at peak height velocity (PHV) for somatic maturity status. Stature and body mass were measured by anthropometry. Phase angle was calculated based on raw resistance and reactance values (50 kHz frequency) obtained by bioelectrical impedance with the foot-to-hand technology.ResultsThe multilevel regression analysis revealed that boys had significantly higher values of phase angle than girls, adjusting for age group and sexual maturity status. Overall, older and more mature adolescents had higher values of phase angle. When considering aligning variation in the phase angle by distance to estimated PHV (maturity offset), there was a higher association between the phase angle and time before and after predicted age at PHV for boys (r = 0.31, 90% CI: 0.23 to 0.39) than girls (r = 0.2, 90% CI: 0.11 to 0.28). When including body mass in the multilevel models, corresponding changes in the overall body mass mediate most of the influence of the maturity status and age group on the phase angle.ConclusionThe present study demonstrated that the variability in phase angle is related to inter-individual variation in sex, age, and maturity status, as well as differences in body size. Research with adolescents considering phase angle should use multilevel modeling with standardized parameters as default to adjust for the concurrent influence of sex, age, maturity status, and body size.

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Phase Angle from Bioelectric Impedance and Maturity-Related Factors in Adolescent Athletes: A Systematic Review

Cited by 10 publications

References 42 publications

Association of phase angle and appendicular upper and lower body lean soft tissue with physical performance in young elite soccer players: a pilot study

Association of phase angle and appendicular upper and lower body lean soft tissue with physical performance in young elite soccer players: a pilot study

Body Water Content and Morphological Characteristics Modify Bioimpedance Vector Patterns in Volleyball, Soccer, and Rugby Players

Age-, sex-, and maturity-associated variation in the phase angle after adjusting for size in adolescents

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