Pharmacokinetic evaluation and safety of topical 1% morphine sulfate application on the healthy equine eye

Gordon, Emma; Stang, Bernadette V.; Heidel, Jerry R.; Poulsen, Keith P.; Cebra, Christopher K.; Schlipf, John W.

doi:10.1111/vop.12541

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 41 publications

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“…Another strategy to avoid the systemic side effect is the change of administration via the topical administration of opioids can activate the peripheral opioids receptors located on afferent sensory nerve terminals in peripheral tissues. The treatment with exogenous opioids over the cornea limits the systemic opioid effects for the little systemic absorption of ones [ 64 ]. In spite of the long-term use of opioids can delay healing in cutaneous wounds [ 65 ], in the cornea, studies point out that topical opioids do not delay its re-epithelization [ 66 , 67 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Opioids and Ocular Surface Pathology: A Literature Review of New Treatments Horizons

García-López

Gómez-Huertas

Sánchez‐González

et al. 2022

JCM

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This review discusses the role of opioids in the corneal surface and the different pathways and therapeutic methods of management. A literature review was performed using PubMed database. For the database search, the main searching words “opioid” and “topical opioid treatment” were used with the descriptors “cornea”, “ocular surface”, “neuropathic corneal pain”, “corneal sensitivity” and “naltrexone”; original scientific articles and reviews were included to achieve the purpose of the review. The endogenous opioid system has relevant functions in the organism, and in daily use, opioids are used as painkillers. However, these drugs may be employed for other indications as opioid pathways have a wide spectrum. The corneal surface for topical treatment is easily accessible, hence sparing the side effects of systemic opioids. Instillation of opioid antagonist substances, such as naltrexone, increases corneal healing rates and stimulates the division of corneal epithelium cells without deleterious effects. The natural modulation of endogenous opioids controls different forms of pain, including inflammatory and neuropathic pain, both in the ocular surface and in the central nervous system. There are diverse methods in controlling pain using opioids, especially in refractory forms. This review attempts to collect the literature about corneal surface and opioid pathways to provide an overview image and a possible direction of the news treatments.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Opioids and Ocular Surface Pathology: A Literature Review of New Treatments Horizons

García-López

Gómez-Huertas

Sánchez‐González

et al. 2022

JCM

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show abstract

Evaluation of corneal anaesthesia after the application of topical 0.5% bupivacaine, 2% lidocaine and 0.4% oxybuprocaine in normal horses

Makra

Eördögh

Fábián

et al. 2021

Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia

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Pharmacokinetic evaluation and safety of topical 1% morphine sulfate application on the healthy equine eye

Abstract: Topical administration of 1.0% morphine sulfate did not appear to cause any significant ocular or systemic adverse effects. Topical ophthalmic morphine application resulted in both ocular and systemic absorption.

Cited by 2 publications

References 41 publications

Opioids and Ocular Surface Pathology: A Literature Review of New Treatments Horizons

Opioids and Ocular Surface Pathology: A Literature Review of New Treatments Horizons

Evaluation of corneal anaesthesia after the application of topical 0.5% bupivacaine, 2% lidocaine and 0.4% oxybuprocaine in normal horses

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