“…When using society as a research perspective of cost, opportunity cost instead of acquisition cost should be measured as the cost of interventions or programs. However, in all the studies that we included using society as the perspective, the costs were directly used acquisition costs, and there was no discussion why these costs were not adjusted into opportunity costs ( Lindgren et al, 2009 ; Lekander et al, 2010 ; Yang et al, 2010 ; Lekander et al, 2013 ; Aarnio et al, 2015 ; Zhao et al, 2016 ; Tanaka et al, 2017 ; Vassall et al, 2017 ; Dor et al, 2018 ; de Jong et al, 2019a ; de Jong et al, 2019b ; Behan et al, 2019 ; Lin et al, 2019 ; Voermans et al, 2019 ; Wang et al, 2019 ; Arrobas et al, 2021 ). This might lead to the overestimation of costs and ICER.…”