Pharmaceutical residues in water and sediment of Msunduzi River, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for Pharmaceutical Compounds: Synthetic Procedures and Analytical Applications

“…Most common non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) with the exception of fenoprofen have been imprinted and their MIPs were applied in the form of MISPE from environmental samples [29]. This is expected as NSAIDs are classified as the most consumed pharmaceuticals by humans with antipyretic activities in some countries such as South Africa [64]. The emerging environmental pollutants such as antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) are imprinted [63,65], however, there is still limited/no information on their environmental extraction using MISPE.…”

Simultaneous determination of naproxen, ibuprofen and diclofenac in wastewater using solid-phase extraction with high performance liquid chromatography

“…Although there is enough evidence on the occurrence of NSAIDs in European water bodies (Carmona et al, 2014;Yu et al, 2006;Rodil et al, 2012;Togola and Budzinski, 2007) (Agunbiade and Moodley, 2014;Agunbiade and Moodley, 2016;Amdany et al, 2015;Gumbi et al, 2017;Madikizela and Chimuka, 2016;Matongo et al, 2015a;Matongo et al, 2015b). These published studies report the concentration of selected pharmaceuticals in aqueous samples collected from a few geographical areas of the Gauteng and KwaZulu-Natal provinces of South Africa.…”

“…These published studies report the concentration of selected pharmaceuticals in aqueous samples collected from a few geographical areas of the Gauteng and KwaZulu-Natal provinces of South Africa. For example, most studies reported for KwaZulu-Natal Province focused on environmental pollution in the north of the city of Durban and in locations around Pietermaritzburg (Agunbiade and Moodley, 2014;Agunbiade and Moodley, 2016;Gumbi et al, 2017;Madikizela and Chimuka, 2016;Matongo et al, 2015a;Matongo et al, 2015b). Therefore, more work is required in order to assess the extent of water pollution in several regions of South Africa.…”

Ligninolytic enzymes: Versatile biocatalysts for the elimination of endocrine‐disrupting chemicals in wastewater

“…Given the ecological risk and adverse health effects associated with exposure of humans to EDC, their removal from the environment should be the utmost priority of stakeholders. Li et al (2015) Groundwater and surface water PAHs -Bangladesh Mandal et al (2015) Surface water Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) 0.93-13.07 ng/l China Yang, Xie, Liu, and Wang (2015) Wastewater and surface water Alkylphenolic chemicals (APs) -USA Barber et al (2015) Wastewater Pharmaceutical residues 117 μg/l South Africa Matongo, Birungi, Moodley, and Ndungu (2015) Surface water Pharmaceutical residues 84.60 μg/l Unfortunately, removal of EDC by most wastewater treatment plants seems to be inefficient as there is no specific unit designed to eliminate EDC in the present wastewater treatment technology (Zhang, Li, Wang, Niu, & Cai, 2016). Auriol, Filali-Meknassi, Tyagi, Adams, and Surampalli (2006) made the following observations with the use of some conventional treatment processes for removal of EDC in wastewater: Coagulation with the use of "iron and aluminum salts" did not support any EDC removal; however, coagulation involving powdered activated carbon (PAC) removed a significant amount of "small-sized contaminants" including EDC, while filtration processes, which allowed quite high EDC removal, are costly and involve a substantial maintenance in order to prevent membrane clogging.…”