Phagocytosis by epidermal cells of the mantle in Mytilus edulis L. (Mollusca: bivalvia)

Bivalve immunity and response to infections: Are we looking at the right place?

“…Epithelial cells produce and secrete a wide range of bioactive molecules that are embedded in mucus. In addition, virtually all mucosal epithelia of bivalves are capable of endocytosing biotic and abiotic particles and colloids, including epithelial cells lining the external (extrapallial) and internal (pallial) surfaces of the mantle [101][102][103], the gill [104,105], or epithelia lining different sections of the digestive gland and gut [106][107][108]…”

Bivalve immunity and response to infections: Are we looking at the right place?

“…Epithelial cells produce and secrete a wide range of bioactive molecules that are embedded in mucus. In addition, virtually all mucosal epithelia of bivalves are capable of endocytosing biotic and abiotic particles and colloids, including epithelial cells lining the external (extrapallial) and internal (pallial) surfaces of the mantle [101][102][103], the gill [104,105], or epithelia lining different sections of the digestive gland and gut [106][107][108]…”

Mucosal immunity in mollusks

“…While phagocytic activity of blood cells is a hallmark of the innate immune system and has been well described in mollusks (reviewed in Cheng et al, 1981;Loker, 2010;Song et al, 2010), the phagocytic activity of epithelial cells also contributes to microbial homeostasis at mucosal interfaces. Virtually all mucosal epithelia of mollusks are capable of endocytosing biotic and abiotic particles and colloids, including epithelial cells lining the external (extrapallial) and internal (pallial) surfaces of the mantle (Bevelander and Nakahara, 1966;Nakahara, 1967;McLean, 1980), the gills (George et al, 1976;Johnson and Le Pennec, 1995), and the foot (Ryder and Bowen, 1977;Grenon and Walker, 1982) or epithelial cells lining different sections of the digestive gland and gut (Yonge, 1926(Yonge, , 1928(Yonge, , 1935. Phagocytic activity performed by these epithelia provides a dual nutritional/defense function by enhancing the uptake and digestion of food particles and by maintaining microbial homeostasis and limiting infections.…”

Retention of radioactive particles and associated effects in the filter-feeding marine mollusc Mytilus edulis

“…This is evident by the presence of pearls and abnormalities in the shell resulting from such inclusion of inert particles ( Fig. 2d-f) (Mclean, 1980). Pearl formation could occur if a filtered particle were to become embedded into the mantle or trapped in the extrapallial cavity.…”

Bivalve immunity and response to infections: Are we looking at the right place?

“…Epithelial cells produce and secrete a wide range of bioactive molecules that are embedded in mucus. In addition, virtually all mucosal epithelia of bivalves are capable of endocytosing biotic and abiotic particles and colloids, including epithelial cells lining the external (extrapallial) and internal (pallial) surfaces of the mantle [101][102][103], the gill [104,105], or epithelia lining different sections of the digestive gland and gut [106][107][108]…”

Mucosal immunity in mollusks

“…While phagocytic activity of blood cells is a hallmark of the innate immune system and has been well described in mollusks (reviewed in Cheng et al, 1981;Loker, 2010;Song et al, 2010), the phagocytic activity of epithelial cells also contributes to microbial homeostasis at mucosal interfaces. Virtually all mucosal epithelia of mollusks are capable of endocytosing biotic and abiotic particles and colloids, including epithelial cells lining the external (extrapallial) and internal (pallial) surfaces of the mantle (Bevelander and Nakahara, 1966;Nakahara, 1967;McLean, 1980), the gills (George et al, 1976;Johnson and Le Pennec, 1995), and the foot (Ryder and Bowen, 1977;Grenon and Walker, 1982) or epithelial cells lining different sections of the digestive gland and gut (Yonge, 1926(Yonge, , 1928(Yonge, , 1935. Phagocytic activity performed by these epithelia provides a dual nutritional/defense function by enhancing the uptake and digestion of food particles and by maintaining microbial homeostasis and limiting infections.…”

Retention of radioactive particles and associated effects in the filter-feeding marine mollusc Mytilus edulis

“…This is evident by the presence of pearls and abnormalities in the shell resulting from such inclusion of inert particles ( Fig. 2d-f) (Mclean, 1980). Pearl formation could occur if a filtered particle were to become embedded into the mantle or trapped in the extrapallial cavity.…”

Bivalve immunity and response to infections: Are we looking at the right place?

“…Epithelial cells produce and secrete a wide range of bioactive molecules that are embedded in mucus. In addition, virtually all mucosal epithelia of bivalves are capable of endocytosing biotic and abiotic particles and colloids, including epithelial cells lining the external (extrapallial) and internal (pallial) surfaces of the mantle [101][102][103], the gill [104,105], or epithelia lining different sections of the digestive gland and gut [106][107][108]…”

Mucosal immunity in mollusks

“…While phagocytic activity of blood cells is a hallmark of the innate immune system and has been well described in mollusks (reviewed in Cheng et al, 1981;Loker, 2010;Song et al, 2010), the phagocytic activity of epithelial cells also contributes to microbial homeostasis at mucosal interfaces. Virtually all mucosal epithelia of mollusks are capable of endocytosing biotic and abiotic particles and colloids, including epithelial cells lining the external (extrapallial) and internal (pallial) surfaces of the mantle (Bevelander and Nakahara, 1966;Nakahara, 1967;McLean, 1980), the gills (George et al, 1976;Johnson and Le Pennec, 1995), and the foot (Ryder and Bowen, 1977;Grenon and Walker, 1982) or epithelial cells lining different sections of the digestive gland and gut (Yonge, 1926(Yonge, , 1928(Yonge, , 1935. Phagocytic activity performed by these epithelia provides a dual nutritional/defense function by enhancing the uptake and digestion of food particles and by maintaining microbial homeostasis and limiting infections.…”

Retention of radioactive particles and associated effects in the filter-feeding marine mollusc Mytilus edulis

“…This is evident by the presence of pearls and abnormalities in the shell resulting from such inclusion of inert particles ( Fig. 2d-f) (Mclean, 1980). Pearl formation could occur if a filtered particle were to become embedded into the mantle or trapped in the extrapallial cavity.…”