Phaeocystis blooms in the global ocean and their controlling mechanisms: a review

Schoemann, Véronique; Becquevort, Sylvie; Stefels, Jacqueline; Rousseau, Véronique; Lancelot, Christiane

doi:10.1016/j.seares.2004.01.008

Cited by 535 publications

(613 citation statements)

References 148 publications

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“…The genus Phaeocystis (Prymnesiophyceae) is one of the most widespread marine phytoplankton taxa, and plays a significant role in global carbon and sulfur cycles, food web structure, and climate regulation , Schoemann et al 2005. It has the ability to form massive blooms that have substantial impacts on coastal systems, and it has a complex polymorphic life cycle that involves both colonial and solitary forms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The clones isolated from Chinese and Norwegian waters have hemolytic properties as well (Shen et al 2004, van Rijssel et al 2007. Different Phaeocystis species occur over different temperature ranges in the ocean (Schoemann et al 2005). For example, P. pouchetii grows at temperatures below 5°C, and the reported optimal temperature range for North Sea P. globosa is 15 to 20°C (Schoemann et al 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Temperature effects on growth, colony development and carbon partitioning in three Phaeocystis species

Wang¹,

Tang²,

Wang³

et al. 2010

Aquat. Biol.

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ABSTRACT:Phaeocystis is an ecologically important marine phytoplankton genus that is globally distributed. We examined the effects of temperature on the 3 most common species: P. globosa, P. antarctica, and P. pouchetii, which grew at 16-32, 0-6, and 4-8°C, respectively. P. pouchetii did not form colonies; P. globosa formed colonies at 16, 20, and 24°C, and P. antarctica colonies were observed at all temperatures. More cells were partitioned into the colonial form at lower temperatures than at higher temperatures for P. globosa and P. antarctica. P. globosa colony size decreased with temperature, whereas P. antarctica colony size showed no distinct response to temperature. Numbers of cells per unit of colony surface area of P. globosa and P. antarctica were lowest at temperatures where highest growth rates and colonial abundances were observed; more organic carbon was partitioned into solitary cell biomass at higher temperatures, whereas the carbon concentration of colonies was not affected by temperature. Maximum quantum yield of P. antarctica and P. globosa exhibited subtle responses to temperature, whereas that of P. pouchetii was relatively invariant within the growth temperature range. Future changes in sea surface temperature may dramatically alter the ecology and biogeochemical cycles of systems dominated by Phaeocystis spp. and result in further degradation, via oxygen depletion and altered food web structure. KEY WORDS: Phaeocystis spp. · Temperature · Colony formation · Carbon partitioningResale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature effects on growth, colony development and carbon partitioning in three Phaeocystis species

Wang¹,

Tang²,

Wang³

et al. 2010

Aquat. Biol.

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show abstract

“…to the high CO 2 treatment (increase of 330% from initial starting value to $207 mg C m À3 ) is above the maxima measured at L4. Schoemann et al (2005) illustrated the difficulties in estimating Phaeocystis spp. biomass due to the high carbon content of the polysaccharide matrix.…”

Section: Elevated Pco 2 Perturbation Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This enables Phaeocystis spp. to outcompete other phytoplankton and form massive blooms (up to 10 mg C m À3 ) which has impacts on food webs, global biogeochemical cycles and climate regulation (Schoemann et al, 2005). Since Phaeocystis spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Along the European coasts of the North Sea dense blooms of Phaeocystis globosa, known to impact ecosystem function, have been well documented as localised events for many decades (Lancelot and Mathot, 1987). More recently, other continents with nutrient enriched waters have reported massive blooms such as the Arabian Gulf and southeast coastal waters of China (Lancelot et al, 2002;Schoemann et al, 2005). In these ecosystems, P. globosa bloom formation is predominantly a result of anthropogenic factors, i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of elevated CO2 on phytoplankton community biomass and species composition during a spring Phaeocystis spp. bloom in the western English Channel

et al. 2017

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A 21-year time series of phytoplankton community structure was analysed in relation to Phaeocystis spp. to elucidate its contribution to the annual carbon budget at station L4 in the western English Channel (WEC).Between 1993-2014 Phaeocystis spp. contributed $4.6% of the annual phytoplankton carbon and during the March À May spring bloom, the mean Phaeocystis spp. biomass constituted 17% with a maximal contribution of 47% in 2001. Upper maximal weekly values above the time series mean ranged from 63 to 82% of the total phytoplankton carbon ($42-137 mg carbon (C) m À3 ) with significant interannual variability in Phaeocystis spp. Maximal biomass usually occurred by the end of April, although in some cases as early as mid-April (2007) and as late as late May (2013).The effects of elevated pCO 2 on the Phaeocystis spp. spring bloom were investigated during a fifteenday semi-continuous microcosm experiment. The phytoplankton community biomass was estimated at $160 mg C m À3 and was dominated by nanophytoplankton (40%, excluding Phaeocystis spp.), Phaeocystis spp. (30%) and cryptophytes (12%). The smaller fraction of the community biomass comprised picophytoplankton (9%), coccolithophores (3%), Synechococcus (3%), dinoflagellates (1.5%), ciliates (1%) and diatoms (0.5%). Over the experimental period, total biomass increased significantly by 90% to $305 mg C m À3 in the high CO 2 treatment while the ambient pCO 2 control showed no net gains. Phaeocystis spp. exhibited the greatest response to the high CO 2 treatment, increasing by 330%, from $50 mg C m À3 to over 200 mg C m À3 and contributing $70% of the total biomass.Taken together, the results of our microcosm experiment and analysis of the time series suggest that a future high CO 2 scenario may favour dominance of Phaeocystis spp. during the spring bloom. This has significant implications for the formation of hypoxic zones and the alteration of food web structure including inhibitory feeding effects and lowered fecundity in many copepod species.Crown

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Carbon export efficiency and phytoplankton community composition in the Atlantic sector of the Arctic Ocean

et al. 2015

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Arctic primary production is sensitive to reductions in sea ice cover, and will likely increase into the future. Whether this increased primary production (PP) will translate into increased export of particulate organic carbon (POC) is currently unclear. Here we report on the POC export efficiency during summer 2012 in the Atlantic sector of the Arctic Ocean. We coupled 234‐thorium based estimates of the export flux of POC to onboard incubation‐based estimates of PP. Export efficiency (defined as the fraction of PP that is exported below 100 m depth: ThE‐ratio) showed large variability (0.09 ± 0.19–1.3 ± 0.3). The highest ThE‐ratio (1.3 ± 0.3) was recorded in a mono‐specific bloom of Phaeocystis pouchetii located in the ice edge. Blooming diatom dominated areas also had high ThE‐ratios (0.1 ± 0.1–0.5 ± 0.2), while mixed and/or prebloom communities showed lower ThE‐ratios (0.10 ± 0.03–0.19 ± 0.05). Furthermore, using oxygen saturation, bacterial abundance, bacterial production, and zooplankton oxygen demand, we also investigated spatial variability in the degree to which this sinking material may be remineralized in the upper mesopelagic (<300 m). Our results suggest that blooming diatoms and P. pouchetii can export a significant fraction of their biomass below the surface layer (100 m) in the open Arctic Ocean. Also, we show evidence that the material sinking from a P. pouchetii bloom may be remineralized (>100 m) at a similar rate as the material sinking from diatom blooms in the upper mesopelagic, contrary to previous findings.

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Phaeocystis blooms in the global ocean and their controlling mechanisms: a review

Cited by 535 publications

References 148 publications

Temperature effects on growth, colony development and carbon partitioning in three Phaeocystis species

Temperature effects on growth, colony development and carbon partitioning in three Phaeocystis species

Effects of elevated CO2 on phytoplankton community biomass and species composition during a spring Phaeocystis spp. bloom in the western English Channel

Carbon export efficiency and phytoplankton community composition in the Atlantic sector of the Arctic Ocean

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