Petrology, geochemistry, and correlation of tephra deposits from a large early-Holocene eruption of Mentolat volcano, southern Chile

Weller, Derek; Porras, María Eugenia de; Maldonado, Antonio; Méndez, César; Stern, Charles R.

doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2018.12.020

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…In contrast, tephra volumes obtained for Cotopaxi tephra layers (5.0 km 3 for the 6550–6800 cal BP event, and 6.0 km 3 for the 7160–8600 cal BP event, Figure 10a) are lower than previous estimates but of the same order of magnitude. These new volume estimates are slightly lower than that obtained in Chile for the 1932 CE eruptions of Quizapu (9.5 and 4.1 km 3 for DRE volume, Hildreth & Drake, 1992) and similar to the ∼11.7 ka eruption of Mentolat (∼1.8 km 3 , Weller et al., 2019) volcanoes. However, they are significantly lower than the largest known Quaternary eruption of the Northern Volcanic Zone of the Andes, the 216 ± 5 ka eruption of the Chalupas caldera in Ecuador, whose total bulk deposit volume of both ignimbrite and co‐ignimbrite amounts to ∼230 km 3 (Bablon, Quidelleur, Siani et al., 2020).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 49%

“…10a) are lower than previous estimates but of the same order 915 of magnitude. These new volume estimates are slightly lower than that obtained in Chile for the 916 1932 AD eruptions of Quizapu (9.5 km 3 , 4.1 km 3 for DRE volume, Hildreth and Drake, 1992) and similar 917 to the ~11.7 ka eruption of Mentolat (~1.8 km 3 , Weller et al, 2019) volcanoes. However, they are 918 significantly lower than the largest known Quaternary eruption of the Northern Volcanic Zone of the 919 Andes, the 216 ± 5 ka eruption of the Chalupas caldera in Ecuador, whose total bulk deposit volume of 920 both ignimbrite and co-ignimbrite amounts to ~230 km 3 (Bablon et al, 2020b).…”

Section: Tephra Dispersal and Size Of Major Holocene Eruptionscontrasting

confidence: 54%

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Holocene Marine Tephra Offshore Ecuador and Southern Colombia: First Trench‐to‐Arc Correlations and Implication for Magnitude of Major Eruptions

Bablon

Ratzov

Nauret

et al. 2022

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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Tephra layers preserved in marine sediments are strong tools to study the frequency, magnitude and source of past major explosive eruptions. Thirty-seven volcanoes from the Ecuadorian and Colombian arc, in the northern Andes, experienced at least one eruption during the Holocene. The volcanic hazard is therefore particularly high for the populated areas of the Andes and in particular cases for the coastal region, and it is crucial to document such events to improve hazard assessment. The age and distribution of deposits from major Holocene eruptions have been studied in the Cordillera, but no descriptions of distal fallouts have been published. In this study we focused on 28 Holocene tephra layers recorded in marine sediment cores collected along the northern Ecuador -southern Colombia margin. New lithological, geochemical and isotope data together with 14C datings on foraminifers allow us to determine the age and volcanic source of marine tephra, and to propose a first land-sea correlation of distal tephra fallouts. We show that at least seven explosive eruptions from Guagua Pichincha, Atacazo-Ninahuilca, Cotopaxi, and Cerro Machín volcanoes left tephra deposits recorded in marine cores over 250 km away from their source. Volume estimates of emitted tephra range between 1.3 and 6.0 km3 for the 10th century Guagua Pichincha, ∼5 ka Atacazo-Ninahuilca, ∼6.7 and ∼7.9 ka Cotopaxi events, suggesting that they Please note that this is an author-produced PDF of an article accepted for publication following peer review. The definitive publisher-authenticated version is available on the publisher Web site.were eruptions of Volcanic Explosivity Index of 5. The distribution of these deposits also brings new constraints for a better evaluation of the volcanic hazard in Ecuador. Key Points► We propose a first land-sea correlation of distal Holocene tephra off Ecuador based on 14C age and geochemical data ► Products from at least seven explosive Holocene eruptions in Ecuador and south Colombia reached the Pacific Ocean ► Volumes of tephra emitted by largest eruptions vary between 1.3 and 6.0 km3, suggesting they were VEI-5 eruptions Plain Language SummaryDuring major explosive eruptions, large volumes of gases and tephra (lapilli and ash particles) are thrown into the atmosphere and can be spread by winds over hundreds of kilometers and more. Tephra fallouts can impact the population, infrastructures and climate. It is therefore essential to document the age and magnitude of past major eruptions to better assess the volcanic hazards. In this study we use the minerology, glass shard morphology, and the geochemical composition of tephra settled in marine sediments off Ecuador and Colombia to investigate their source. Thickness of tephra layers and radiocarbon ages performed on under-and over-lying marine fauna allow us to determine the age of the eruptions, whereas the distribution of tephra yields constraints on the volume of fallout deposits. We show that the largest explosive eruptions from Ecuadorian and Colombian volcanoes ...

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 49%

Section: Tephra Dispersal and Size Of Major Holocene Eruptionscontrasting

confidence: 54%

Holocene Marine Tephra Offshore Ecuador and Southern Colombia: First Trench‐to‐Arc Correlations and Implication for Magnitude of Major Eruptions

Bablon

Ratzov

Nauret

et al. 2022

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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“…and Zr/Th of29.7 ± 3.7 (Weller et al, 2019), again different from the Lepué Tephra. Three younger (late Holocene) tephra deposits from Volcán Melimoyu have bulk sample (solution ICP-MS analyses)…”

Section: Chemical Correlation Of the Lepué Tephramentioning

confidence: 66%

Correlating weathered, microphenocryst-rich, intermediate tephra: An approach combining bulk and single shard analyses from the Lepué Tephra, Chile and Argentina

Pearce

Alloway

Wickham

2019

Quaternary International

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“…4B) the glass shards chemical composition lie in the general evolution trend of the Hudson volcanic products and well distinguishable from other nearby volcano products (e.g., Stern et al, 2016). Some of the most used chemical diagram for discriminating volcanoes of the SVZ, like Zr-SiO 2 and Ba-Sr (e.g., Stern et al, 2016;Weller et al, 2014Weller et al, , 2019, shows that the glass shards product are all compatible with Hudson volcano (Fig. 4C, D).…”

Section: Chemical Isotopic Composition and Tephra Correlationsmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…This unequivocally indicates that distal tephra dispersion represents a real and immanent natural hazard for these marginal lands, which host population and important economic activities. However, most of the researches on recurrence of tephra layers are restricted to the Andean to peri-Andean region (e.g., Daga et al, 2010Daga et al, , 2014Stern et al, 2011Stern et al, , 2015Stern et al, , 2016Fontijn et al, 2014;Weller et al, 2015Weller et al, , 2019Watt et al, 2013) and studies along the Atlantic coast of Patagonia are particularly scarce (Del Carlo et al, 2018). This can be related to the specific environment of this region characterised by dry and windy conditions with a steppic vegetation, which renders preservation of volcanic ashes very occasional.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Holocene tephra layer within coastal aeolian deposits north of Caleta Olivia (Santa Cruz Province, Argentina)

Zanchetta

Pappalardo

Roberto

et al. 2021

andgeo

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In this paper we illustrate the stratigraphy, geochronology, and geochemistry (major, minor, trace elements and Sr-isotopes) of a Holocene tephra layer found within coastal sedimentary deposits north of Caleta Olivia (Santa Cruz Province, Argentina). The stratigraphic succession comprises beach deposits with basal erosive surface resting on the local substrate (“Formación Patagonia”) followed by a poorly developed paleosoil. The paleosoil is covered by a lenticular fine-grained (Mdφ: 5.2, 0.027 mm), well sorted (σφ: 1.2) volcanic ash layer and aeolian sands. The geochemical composition of shard fragments points to an origin from the Hudson volcano, located in the southern Andes, ca. 400 km to the west. The geochemistry, Sr-isotopes and the radiometric constraints (younger than the age of the underlying marine layer dated at ca. 4,100 a cal BP) further allow correlating this tephra with the so-called H2 eruption (ca. 3,900 a cal BP). This finding is of interest owing to the poor preservation potential of tephra within the Late Holocene sedimentary deposits of the Atlantic coast of Patagonia and represents the first finding of H2 eruption in this area, improving our knowledge of the dispersion of the fine-grained distal deposit of the Hudson volcanic explosive activity, thus allowing a better estimate of the eruptive dynamics and the risks associated with the Hudson volcano.

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Petrology, geochemistry, and correlation of tephra deposits from a large early-Holocene eruption of Mentolat volcano, southern Chile

Cited by 7 publications

References 55 publications

Holocene Marine Tephra Offshore Ecuador and Southern Colombia: First Trench‐to‐Arc Correlations and Implication for Magnitude of Major Eruptions

Holocene Marine Tephra Offshore Ecuador and Southern Colombia: First Trench‐to‐Arc Correlations and Implication for Magnitude of Major Eruptions

Correlating weathered, microphenocryst-rich, intermediate tephra: An approach combining bulk and single shard analyses from the Lepué Tephra, Chile and Argentina

A Holocene tephra layer within coastal aeolian deposits north of Caleta Olivia (Santa Cruz Province, Argentina)

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