Petrological and Experimental Constraints on the Evolution of Piton de la Fournaise Magmas

Pichavant, Michel; Brugier, Yann-Aurélien; Muro, Andréa Di

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-31395-0_10

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Values as low as 0.1 K/min, however, are lower than the cooling rate imposed in the experiments (see viscometry data plotted in Fig− ure 1). We attribute this mismatch to the changes in oxygen fugacity between the experiments, carried out in atmospheric conditions, and the natural lava, being erupted in a more reduced state; see Vlastélic et al [2016], Pichavant et al [2016] and references therein. The pre− eruptive fO 2 for PdF magmas is estimated at ~NNO−0.5 and shallow level degassing of SO 2 and H 2 O might further KOLZENBURG ET AL.…”

Section: Implications For Magma Transport and Lava Emplacement At Pitmentioning

confidence: 99%

Equilibrium Viscosity and Disequilibrium Rheology of a high Magnesium Basalt from Piton De La Fournaise volcano, La Reunion, Indian Ocean, France

Kolzenburg¹,

Giordano²,

Muro³

et al. 2018

Annals of Geophysics

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Lava flows are a common hazard at basaltic to intermediate volcanoes and have posed a significant threat to La Reunion Island over the past centuries. In sustained flow units, the efficiency of lava transport away from the vent is dominated by cooling. For basaltic to inter− mediate lavas, it is the ability of the lava to solidify during cooling which exerts a first−order control on spatial extent and flow distance. As a consequence, understanding the sub−liquidus rheology of lavas has become a key focus in lava flow research in the past decade. To date, the development of a systematic understanding of lava rheology during emplacement conditions has been significantly hampered by a lack of experimental data. Here we present new data on the rheological evolution of crystallizing high−Mg basalt from Piton de la Fournaise. Sub−liquidus experiments were performed at constant cooling rates ranging from 0.5 to 5 K/min. Those rates mimic thermal conditions experienced 1) by lava during flow on the surface and 2) by magma during dike and sill emplacement. Our data show that the effective viscosity of the crystallizing suspension increases until reaching a specific sub−liquidus temperature, the so−called "rheological cut−off temperature" (T cutoff), at which the lava becomes rheologically immobile and flow ceases. This departure from the pure liquid vis− cosity curve to higher viscosity is a consequence of rapid crystallization and its variability for a given lava is found to be primarily con− trolled by the imposed cooling rate. Based on these experimental data, we adapt the failure forecast method (FFM) − commonly used to describe the self−accelerating nature of seismic signals to forecast material failure − to predict the rheological cut−off temperature (T cutoff). The presented data substantially expand the modest experimental database on disequilibrium rheology of lavas and represent a step towards understanding the underlying process dynamics.

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Section: Implications For Magma Transport and Lava Emplacement At Pitmentioning

confidence: 99%

Equilibrium Viscosity and Disequilibrium Rheology of a high Magnesium Basalt from Piton De La Fournaise volcano, La Reunion, Indian Ocean, France

Kolzenburg¹,

Giordano²,

Muro³

et al. 2018

Annals of Geophysics

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“…The circle marked "b" is the average of the least degassed compositions from the Mariana arc (Brounce et al 2014). Panel b: This is constructed after Pichavant et al (2016), with olivine-liquid equilibrium constraints from Burgisser and Bachèlery (2009), bulk rock FeO and Fe 2 O 3 analyses from Burgisser et al (2015), and olivine-spinel equilibria from Burgisser et al (2015) and Bureau et al (1998b). The solid black line demonstrates the likely fO 2 of Reunion magmas during petrogenesis summarized by Pichavant et al (2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Panel b: This is constructed after Pichavant et al (2016), with olivine-liquid equilibrium constraints from Burgisser and Bachèlery (2009), bulk rock FeO and Fe 2 O 3 analyses from Burgisser et al (2015), and olivine-spinel equilibria from Burgisser et al (2015) and Bureau et al (1998b). The solid black line demonstrates the likely fO 2 of Reunion magmas during petrogenesis summarized by Pichavant et al (2016). The pink box marked "this study" shows the fO 2 of least degassed magmas inferred here from XANES analyses of melt inclusions ◂ Although definitive links between each isotopic component and specific mantle source lithologies and their provenance are debated, it has been suggested that the EM1, EM2, and HIMU components reflect seafloor sediments, ancient oceanic and/or continental crust and/or lithospheric mantle, and perhaps surface lithologies not currently present at Earth's surface, recycled into the mantle by subduction and subsequently entrained into mantle plumes (e.g., Boyet et al 2019;Chauvel et al 1992;Cordier et al 2021;Garapic et al 2015;Hofmann and White 1982;Stracke et al 2005;Zindler and Hart 1986).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We use this fO 2 , in combination with previously reported fO 2 constraints for Reunion island (summarized in Fig. 1b, based on Pichavant et al 2016), to characterize explicitly the fO 2 of the widespread C/FOZO/ PREMA mantle component and compare it to fO 2 levels a b Fig. 2 Plots of radiogenic isotopic compositions of oceanic basalts (gray circles: Paciifc and Atlantic MORB; black circles: Indian MORB; yellow, blue, green, red circles: OIB studied via XANES; white circles: other OIB; pink diamonds: Reunion) from the compilation of Stracke et al (2005), with Erebus isotopic compositions from Sims et al (2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The mantle source of basalts from Reunion Island is not more oxidized than the MORB source mantle

Brounce

Stolper

Eiler

2021

Contrib Mineral Petrol

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Glasses quenched from relatively undegassed ocean island magmas erupted from volcanoes at Iceland, Hawaii, the Canary Islands, and Erebus have elevated Fe3+/∑Fe ratios compared to glasses quenched from mid-ocean ridge basalts. This has been ascribed to elevated fO2 of their mantle sources, plausibly due to subducted, oxidized near-surface-derived components in their mantle sources. The basaltic magmas from Reunion Island in the Indian ocean have Sr–Nd-Hf-Pb-Os isotopic compositions suggesting that their mantle sources contain little or no subducted near-surface materials and contain the C/FOZO/PREMA mantle component. To constrain the fO2 of the C/FOZO/PREMA mantle component and test the link between oxidized OIB and recycled surface-derived materials in their sources, we measured major and volatile element abundances and Fe3+/∑Fe ratios of naturally glassy, olivine-hosted melt inclusions from Piton de La Fournaise volcano, La Reunion. We conclude that the fO2 of the mantle source of these Reunion lavas is lower than of the mantle sources of primitive, undegassed magmas from Hawaii, Iceland, the Canary Islands, and Mt. Erebus, and indistinguishable from that of the Indian-ocean upper mantle. This finding is consistent with previous suggestions that the source of Reunion lavas (and the C/FOZO/PREMA mantle component) contains little or no recycled materials and with the suggestion that recycled oxidized materials contribute to the high fO2 of some other OIBs, especially those from incompatible-element-enriched mantle sources. Simple mixing models between oxidized melts of EM1 and HIMU components and relatively reduced melts of DMM can explain the isotopic compositions and Fe3+/∑Fe ratios of lavas from Hawaii, Iceland, the Canary Islands, and Mount Erebus; this model can be tested by study of additional OIB magmas, including those rich in the EM2 component.

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“…Mg‐Fe distribution coefficients (K D ) between these ol and bulk rock composition are on average 0.24, which show that most of these ol are too rich in Mg considering our bulk rock composition (equilibrium reach at K D = 0.30 ± 0.03, Putirka, ). In order to calculate the FeO content of the cumulative ol‐free bulk rock composition (6.46 wt% in MgO and 10.16 wt% in FeO), we used an average Fe 3+ /Fe total ratio of 0.18 for La Réunion island basaltic melts (Pichavant et al, ). We thus conclude that most of these ol microphenocrysts originate from cumulative processes (22 analyzed crystals with Fo > 80), and only a few crystals are in equilibrium with the pre‐eruptive/bulk rock melt (six analyzed crystals with Fo 78‐80 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidences of Plug Pressurization Enhancing Magma Fragmentation During the September 2016 Basaltic Eruption at Piton de la Fournaise (La Réunion Island, France)

Thivet

Gurioli

Muro

et al. 2020

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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In September 2016, Piton de la Fournaise volcano, well known for its effusive and Hawaiian fountaining activity, produced, at the end of the eruption, an unusual phase of pulsating ash and bomb emission. Integration of geophysical data, with textural and petrological analysis of the samples, allowed us to constrain the main factors that controlled this sudden shift in activity, potentially dangerous for the tourist population that usually approach these “gentle” eruptive sites. Volcanic tremor, lava discharge rates, fountain heights, and SO2 emission changed rapidly during the eruption. Grain size and componentry of the tephra beds evolved from unimodal all along the sequence to bimodal on the last day of the activity, reflecting the contribution of both Hawaiian fountaining at the main vent (Vent A) and transient explosive activity at the second vent (Vent B). Hawaiian fountaining produced highly vesicular and almost microlite‐free tephra (golden pumice and fluidal scoria) while transient explosive activity emitted denser and crystal‐rich tephra (sideromelane and tachylite scoria) sometimes mingled with vesicular fragments. Permeability measurements on lapilli and bomb‐sized samples reveal that golden pumice and fluidal scoria were more gas‐permeable than the sideromelane and tachylite ones, while textural and chemical analyses of the ash support the hypothesis that these sideromelane and tachylite components were inherited from the subsurface crystallization of the initial golden pumice and fluidal scoria components. We thus suggest that Vent B accumulated a plug of degassed, cooled, and low‐permeable magma, which modulated overpressure pulses under the late input of ascending magma.

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Petrological and Experimental Constraints on the Evolution of Piton de la Fournaise Magmas

Cited by 12 publications

References 37 publications

Equilibrium Viscosity and Disequilibrium Rheology of a high Magnesium Basalt from Piton De La Fournaise volcano, La Reunion, Indian Ocean, France

Equilibrium Viscosity and Disequilibrium Rheology of a high Magnesium Basalt from Piton De La Fournaise volcano, La Reunion, Indian Ocean, France

The mantle source of basalts from Reunion Island is not more oxidized than the MORB source mantle

Evidences of Plug Pressurization Enhancing Magma Fragmentation During the September 2016 Basaltic Eruption at Piton de la Fournaise (La Réunion Island, France)

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