Petroleum and the Transformation of the Llanos Frontier in Colombia: 1980 to the Present

Rausch, Jane M.

doi:10.1111/j.1557-203x.2009.01011.x

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…With the uprising of mining and illegal economic activities, many properties were underused and even abandoned in the Villavicencio municipality, allowing succession in some areas (Rausch, 2009). This is reflected in the positive trend identified in the period 1986-2019.…”

Section: Landscape Structure Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Presence of an Endangered Endemic Primate in an Ever-Changing Landscape in the Eastern Plains of Colombia

Ortiz-Moreno¹,

Rojas²,

Aguilar³

et al. 2022

Acta biol. Colomb.

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Plecturocebus ornatus is an endemic vulnerable species due to its population decline and its restricted range within the Eastern Plains of Colombia. This region is affected by deforestation as a result of legal and illegal economic activities. The aim of this work was to analyze the presence and abundance of P. ornatus during a period of urban and livestock production expansion (1986-2019) in Villavicencio, Colombia. This municipality is the most affected by land-use changes associated with regional economic development and represents 3.4 % of P. ornatus distribution’s area. The analysis was performed using satellite images Landsat 4 and 8, with V-Late in ArcGIS 10.5 to describe landscape structure, and P. ornatus occurrence records, obtained through field observations and the Global Biological Information Facility. Densities were calculated for each fragment based on total individuals observed by transect. A generalized lineal model was used to evaluate the effects of patch-scale, landscape-scale and other variables on P. ornatus abundance. By 1986 the rural and peri-urban areas of Villavicencio were already a transformed landscape. During the analyzed period, landscape was predominantly made up of disconnected linear fragments with a secondary humid forest cover. Around 82.1 % of the fragments with P. ornatus records are threatened by urbanization and only 50 % are in protected areas. Densities varied from 0.00 to 7.26 ind/ha (0.00–726.82 ind/km2). Abundance of P. ornatus was highly influenced by landscape-scale variables related with landscape connectivity, as well as fragment area and number of other primate species. Therefore, the implementation of restoration measures that increase landscape connectivity and habitat availability is proposed, as well as more control over environmental land-use planning, to contribute to the conservation of P. ornatus in urban areas.

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Section: Landscape Structure Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Presence of an Endangered Endemic Primate in an Ever-Changing Landscape in the Eastern Plains of Colombia

Ortiz-Moreno¹,

Rojas²,

Aguilar³

et al. 2022

Acta biol. Colomb.

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“…In work spanning four decades, historian Jane Rausch has studied the Llanos region of Colombia through the optic of the frontier (1984; 1993; 1999; 2008; 2009). Her studies have examined the multiple institutions—Spanish and Colombian governments, “missionaries, municipalities, landlords, and llaneros ”—on the settler side of the line that marks their encounter with indigenous cultures (2003: 253).…”

Section: Part Two: Ideas and Practices Of Frontier Expansionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hunting Indians: Globally Circulating Ideas and Frontier Practices in the Colombian Llanos

Bjork‐James

2015

Comp Stud Soc Hist

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At the end of the 1960s, just as anthropologists and clergy were stepping forward to denounce human rights violations against native peoples across the hemisphere, two episodes of violence against the closely related Guahibo and Cuiva peoples of the Colombian Llanos surfaced in the public eye. The first was the December 1967 massacre of sixteen Cuivas at La Rubiera Ranch near the Venezuelan border. The perpetrators' forthright admission of a horrifying ambush and their professed ignorance of both the evil and the criminality of their actions provoked widespread shock and exposed the virulence of racism on the frontier. Then, in 1970, the Colombian military cracked down on a brief armed rebellion by members of a Guahibo agricultural cooperative in Planas, in the department of Meta. A national controversy emerged over charges of extrajudicial killings, torture, and corrupt use of power by the Colombian Administrative Security Department's Rural Security Service of the Eastern Plains (Servicio de Seguridad Rural de los Llanos Orientales, Departamento Administrativo de Seguridad, or DAS Rural) and the VII Brigade of the Colombian Army. By making the La Rubiera massacre and the Planas Affair into public spectacles, Colombian rights advocates were finally able to generate outrage over the violent actions of settler society in indigenous communities.The La Rubiera massacre and the Planas militarization differ in critical ways. One was carried out by private individuals, the other was backed by state agencies, and the state prosecuted the former for their crimes but exonerated the latter. Yet their origins and relationships to ongoing dispossession of indigenous communities overlapped. The Llanos region of Colombia-the

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“…Environmental damage has furthermore increased after the inflow of these late rent-seekers or populations that were attracted by oil-related employment and urbanisation [24]. The particularly fragile environment of the llanos demands specific knowledge that is largely ignored by the newcomers, who appropriate land and are mainly interested in short term gains.…”

Section: The Emergence and The Role Of Elitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Institutions and Development: The Role of Elites and Frontier-Type Social Regulations in Rural Colombia

Cusmano¹

2011

TOARSJ

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This paper investigates the limitations and opportunities for endogenous development in the underdeveloped region of the rural Department of Casanare in Colombia. The region is rich in natural resources, but entrapped in its role of commodity provider for the country's central markets and is deeply affected by social and political exclusion. The paper argues that the key to sustainable local development lies in the domain of governance and institutions, where the latter represents both the background conditions and the instruments of the former. Institutional change itself requires governance mechanisms, which mediate tension, resistance and fracture arising in the local community. The institutional environment of Casanare is a peripheral space of migration and clashes of elites, where populations that are excluded from the centre compete for opportunities and resources. This permanent state of confrontation generates conflicts and frequent changes in institutional forms and rules, so that uncertainty represents a defining character of the local system. The paper comments on the historical roots of these modes of regulation, analyses the key role of elites and describes the social habits and informal rules which drive economic behaviour in the traditional farming sectors.

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Petroleum and the Transformation of the Llanos Frontier in Colombia: 1980 to the Present

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

Presence of an Endangered Endemic Primate in an Ever-Changing Landscape in the Eastern Plains of Colombia

Presence of an Endangered Endemic Primate in an Ever-Changing Landscape in the Eastern Plains of Colombia

Hunting Indians: Globally Circulating Ideas and Frontier Practices in the Colombian Llanos

Institutions and Development: The Role of Elites and Frontier-Type Social Regulations in Rural Colombia

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