Pesticides, trace elements and pharmaceuticals in tea samples available in Belgian retail shops and the risk associated upon acute and chronic exposure

Szternfeld, Philippe; Montalvo, Daniela; Broos, Julie; Cheyns, Karlien; Joly, Laure; Vanhee, Céline

doi:10.1080/19393210.2022.2145617

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 55 publications

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“…In a study, Szternfeld et al analyzed contaminant levels in selected tea samples sold in Belgian retail markets in 2022 and reported that more than 38% of the tested dry leaf samples contained at least one pesticide exceeding the maximum residue level set by the EU. However, subsequent risk assessments have confirmed that brewed tea poses no health threat to consumers (22). Meanwhile, Yao et al conducted investigations involving 42 pesticide residues in 90 tea samples produced in Fujian, China, and reported that Bifenthrin was identified in nearly 9% of the samples.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Health Risk Assessment of Organophosphorus Pesticides in Tea Leaves Harvested from Farm Regions of Gilan Province, Iran

Rahmani,

Armak,

Khazaei

et al. 2023

Avicenna J Environ Health Eng

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Tea holds a special place in Iranian culture, ranking as the most widely consumed beverage after water. A significant portion of Iran’s domestic tea production (approximately 70%) originates from the lush landscapes of Gilan province. The Iranian Tea Research Center (ITRC) claims that Iranian tea is pesticide-free. However, there is a concern that tea farms in the foothills may be exposed to pesticide spraying from nearby citrus gardens. This study aimed to investigate the presence of the 17 organophosphorus pesticides in tea leaf samples collected from tea plantation areas in Gilan province. Sample preparation was carried out using the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) extraction method, followed by the determination of pesticide concentrations using the gas chromatography (GC) method. To assess the non-carcinogenic risk associated with the consumption of black tea due to pesticide residues, we followed the guidelines provided by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). The results were striking, revealing the presence of pesticide residues in all tested samples, raising concerns about the purity of Iranian tea. Notably, the hazard quotient (HQ) for children (<15 years old) exceeded that for adults (>15 years old). Furthermore, spring-harvested tea samples demonstrated higher HQs compared to their autumn counterparts.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%