Personnes âgées et perception des risques en matière de conduite automobile: les conducteurs âgés manifestent-ils encore de l'optimisme comparatif?

Spitzenstetter, Florence; Moessinger, Michèle

doi:10.3138/cja.27.2.159

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…When older drivers are asked to compare themselves with drivers of different age groups, they continue to show-comparable to the other age groups-an optimistic bias indicating that they have better driving skills and lesser accident risks than other drivers of the same age group or of younger age groups (Gosselin et al 2010;Spitzenstetter and Moessinger 2008). Such a selfserving bias aims at the reduction of anxiety and the maintenance of self-confidence and it also suggests that negative stereotypes about older drivers do not completely alter their driving self-confidence.…”

Section: Awareness Of Age-related Changes and Coping With Driving-relmentioning

confidence: 99%

“The closer you get …”: age, attitudes and self-serving evaluations about older drivers

Ferring

Tournier

Mancini³

2015

Eur J Ageing

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The present study investigates the attitudes of older drivers and road safety measures with a particular focus on self-serving evaluations. Driving capacity is considered here as an indicator of awareness of age-related changes that may lead to a higher risk of self-stereotyping, motivating self-serving evaluations with advancing age. In order to test this notion, we used the perceived distance between one's chronological age and the age assigned to the social categories of ''older driver'' and ''old person'' as an indicator of age-group dissociation or identification, respectively. Self-serving evaluations were expected depending on the distance between chronological and subjective age estimates. In addition to this, we tested gender and age effects on the specific evaluations. A sample of 350 participants aged 19-88 completed an online questionnaire on negative and positive stereotypes about older drivers and road safety measures. Results indicated in general a more positive than negative view of older drivers; approval with measures to increase road safety by regulating older drivers was comparatively low. Female participants tended to agree more with negative stereotypes and regulative measures than male participants. Regression analyses revealed as well that increasing chronological age was associated with less agreement with negative stereotypes and measures for road safety. Differences between chronological age and subjective age estimates of when a person is old or an old driver were differentially related with the criteria. The closer the chronological age and subjective age estimates were the lower was the agreement with negative stereotypes and measures to regulate road safety. Findings underline in general that road safety enhancing efforts should avoid highlighting chronological age as the sole driving risk factor to circumvent negative stereotyping with ageing and unjustified driving cessation.

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Section: Awareness Of Age-related Changes and Coping With Driving-relmentioning

confidence: 99%

“The closer you get …”: age, attitudes and self-serving evaluations about older drivers

Ferring

Tournier

Mancini³

2015

Eur J Ageing

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“…Though unrealistic optimism appears to be a robust phenomenon and has been demonstrated across a wide variety of events (Perloff & Fetzer, 1986) and samples (Spitzenstetter & Moessinger, 2008), some research supports the notion optimistic bias could be moderated by personal experience (Burger & Palmer, 1992;Helweg-Larsen & Shepperd, 2001). Individuals who have already been confronted with a negative event tend to feel less optimistic compared to others when they evaluate their risk of being again confronted with this kind of event (van der Velde, Hooykaas, & van der Pligt, 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of prior experience of an almost accident on comparative optimism

Spitzenstetter,

Raffin

2009

EWOP in Practice

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The first aim of this study was to examine comparative optimism (the difference between evaluation of one‟s own risk and the evaluation of other people‟s risk). Because research supports the notion that personal experience moderates the optimistic bias, the second aim of the present study was to test the impact of prior experience of an “almost accident”. Real accidents are fortunately not too frequent, thus we wondered if the confrontation with an almost accident; which is a more frequent situation, could have the same impact on risk evaluation. Employees of a metallurgical plant in the Eastern part of France who have been confronted or not with an almost accident were asked to evaluate to what extent a work accident was likely to occur for them and/or one of their work colleagues. We found that people more usually consider the risk of their colleague being a victim of a work accident than themselves. However, we found for employees who have had an almost accident in the last three months this phenomenon is opposite. They estimate that their own risk as higher than the risk to their colleague.

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“…Numerous studies have revealed the phenomenon of comparative optimism (CO), that is the tendency of people to consider that they are less likely than the average person to experience negative events and more likely to experience positive events (Harris & Middleton, ; Weinstein, ). CO appears to be a robust phenomenon and has been demonstrated across a wide variety of outcomes (Aucote & Gold, ; Campbell, Greenauer, Macaluso, & End, ; Svenson, ) and samples (Rose, Endo, Windschitl, & Suls, ; Spitzenstetter & Moessinger, ). Within the different explanations posited for CO, evidence supports a self‐presentational motivation .…”

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confidence: 99%

Comparative optimism: An automatised self‐presentational answer? The contribution of response times

Spitzenstetter

Schimchowitsch

2017

Australian Journal of Psychology

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Objective: Our study sought to explore, by using response time measures, the cognitive effort associated with comparative optimism expression (CO) and its modulation. More precisely, our aim was to decide between two opposite options: (1) expressing CO as a self-serving bias (presenting oneself as better than others) will require less cognitive effort than restraining CO; and (2) modulating CO depending on social context will be effortless, thus for example restraining CO as a normative self-presentational answer (for presenting oneself modestly) will require less cognitive effort than expressing CO. Methods: Participants answered a CO questionnaire in two social contexts in which CO is socially valued (professional domain) or not valued (friendship domain). They had to answer either spontaneously or in order to convey a favourable or an unfavourable impression. Answers and times needed to respond were recorded. Results: The present data revealed that participants were slower when restraining CO to convey a negative image to an employer or to depict a modest self to a friend. Conversely, they were faster when expressing CO to convey a favourable image to a recruiter or a negative one to a friend. In the spontaneous condition, a same level of CO was expressed, but response times were lengthened in the friendship domain. Conclusion: Overall, these results suggest that in comparing one's own risk with that of an average other, restraining CO according to the socially valued self-presentational standard of modesty corresponds to a strenuous answer. Consequently, expressing CO might represent a more overlearned, automatised self-presentational answer.

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Personnes âgées et perception des risques en matière de conduite automobile: les conducteurs âgés manifestent-ils encore de l'optimisme comparatif?

Cited by 4 publications

References 38 publications

“The closer you get …”: age, attitudes and self-serving evaluations about older drivers

“The closer you get …”: age, attitudes and self-serving evaluations about older drivers

The impact of prior experience of an almost accident on comparative optimism

Comparative optimism: An automatised self‐presentational answer? The contribution of response times

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