Personality Disorders in Alcohol-Dependent Individuals: Relationship with Alcohol Dependence Severity

Abstract

The rate of axis II disorders in alcohol-dependent individuals is suggested to be high. The aim of this investigation is to assess the rate of DSM-IV axis II diagnoses in alcohol-dependent inpatients and their correlation with clinical characteristics of alcohol dependence (AD). 1,079 inpatients with DSM-IV AD from three inpatient addiction treatment centers (‘qualified detoxification’, open psychiatric university hospital wards) were included. Characteristics of AD were obtained using standardized structured interviews. Diagnoses of DSM-IV personality disorders (PDs) were generated with SCID-II-PQ and SCID-II interviews. Alcoholism severity was measured using the number of DSM-IV criteria endorsed and age at first drinking. Approximately 60% of the sample had at least one PD. However, rates of Axis II disorders differed significantly across centers. The most frequent PDs were obsessive-compulsive, borderline, narcissistic and paranoid PD. Diagnosis of any PD was related to a more severe clinical profile of AD. Regression analyses revealed that obsessive-compulsive PD was related to the number of DSM-IV criteria endorsed while antisocial PD was related to early age at first drinking. The majority of alcohol-dependent individuals had one or more comorbid axis II disorders. Univariate and multivariate analyses indicate that different PDs are related to age at first dinking and alcoholism severity.

Sex Differences in Prevalence and Comorbidity of Alcohol and Drug Use Disorders: Results From Wave 2 of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions

“…They are consistent with numerous published reports indicating that comorbid mood disorders are more prominent among women than men presenting for SUD treatment (see review by Pettinati and Plebani, 2009). To our knowledge, stronger comorbid associations of any drug dependence with narcissistic PD among men have not previously been reported except in the NESARC sample , and this sex difference has not been reported at all for cannabis dependence, although Preuss et al (2009) reported a signifi cantly higher prevalence of narcissistic PD among male than among female patients with alcohol dependence.…”

Relapse (Number of Detoxifications) in Abstinent Male Alcohol-Dependent Patients as Related to Personality Traits and Types of Tolerance to Frustration

“…However, so far it is not clear if in humans the same personality characteristics reported to be associated with alcohol dependence are also good predictors of relapse. As reported in several studies, alcohol dependence is associated with antisocial behaviour [3,4] as well as with anxiety and mood disturbances [5,6]. This is reflected by high scores on personality scales measuring aggression, impulsivity and sensation seeking, as well as traits related to neuroticism which is marked by stress sensitivity, anxiety and depression [4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14].…”

“…Neurobiological and environmental conditions of relapse have been widely studied in animals and humans [2]. Psychiatric disturbances as well as personality traits have been investigated as predictors or indicators of alcohol dependence [3,4,5,6]. However, so far it is not clear if in humans the same personality characteristics reported to be associated with alcohol dependence are also good predictors of relapse.…”

Dependencia de Opiáceos tipo II o antisocial: utilidad del Modelo Psicobiológico de Cloninger en adicciones

“…En muestras de drogodependientes, Preuss et al (2009) encontraron que el 60% de una muestra de alcohólicos presentaba al menos un TP, mientras que Grant et al (2004) encontraron que el 29% de los sujetos con trastorno por uso de alcohol y el 48% de aquellos con trastorno por uso de sustancias presentaban al menos un TP. En consumidores de opiáceos, Frei y Rehm (2002) encontraron que el 42% presentaban TP, mientras que Grella et al (2009) obtuvieron una prevalencia del 50%.…”