Personal Goals During Emerging Adulthood

Salmela‐Aro, Katariina; Aunola, Kaisa; Nurmi, Jari‐Erik

doi:10.1177/0743558407303978

Cited by 154 publications

(183 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…People usually pursue multiple goals; from early adulthood these include goals related to work and to family life (Salmela-Aro 2009;Salmela-Aro et al 2007). Realization of work-related goals had been analyzed in many studies (see Plemmons and Weiss 2013); however family-related goals have received much less attention, although they are as important to people as work-related goals (Salmela-Aro 2009).…”

Section: The Nature Of Personal Goalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Realization of work-related goals had been analyzed in many studies (see Plemmons and Weiss 2013); however family-related goals have received much less attention, although they are as important to people as work-related goals (Salmela-Aro 2009). Longitudinal research indicates that the number of family-related goals an individual formulates increases throughout early adulthood and that these goals have a major influence on actions (Salmela-Aro et al 2007). Realization of goals related to family is determined both by individuals' and by goals' characteristics (Laguna et al 2016).…”

Section: The Nature Of Personal Goalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Every day individuals are likely to formulate many different goals and many of them are related to family life (Salmela-Aro, Aunola, and Nurmi 2007). These goals are usually accompanied by different affects and the extent to which they are realized will vary.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

How do you Feel About this Goal? Goal-Related Affect, Positive Orientation, and Personal Goal Realization in the Family Domain

2016

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Past research on individual-level differences has revealed associations between affect, positive beliefs and goal realization. Goal realization, however, varies not only between individuals (the individual level) but also within individuals according to goal (the goal level). This study analyzed family-related personal goals at both levels, examining how positive affect, negative affect and positive orientation are related to personal goal realization. The participants were 205 adults (mean age = 35.74 years); they evaluated five personal goals related to family life and completed assessments of positive orientation. Multilevel structural equation modeling demonstrated that both at the individual level and at the goal level positive orientation and positive goal-related affect were positively related to personal goal realization in family domain. Negative goal-related affect was negatively related to personal goal realization at both levels. Positive orientation, both at the individual level and as a cross-level interaction, moderated the relationship between positive goal-related affect and personal goal realization.

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Section: The Nature Of Personal Goalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Nature Of Personal Goalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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How do you Feel About this Goal? Goal-Related Affect, Positive Orientation, and Personal Goal Realization in the Family Domain

2016

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“…Since personal goals are influenced by social, cultural, and historical life contexts (e.g., Baltes, 1997;Freund & Riediger, 2006;Heckhausen & Schulz, 1995), which may change over time, previous personal goal research has also noted changes in goals across the life span. Opportunities and restrictions of a particular life stage channel personal goals, which can reflect the age-graded developmental tasks (Nurmi, 1992;Salmela-Aro, 2009;Salmela-Aro, Aunola, & Nurmi, 2007). Brandtstädter (2009) has approached goal pursuit and adaptation as assimilative and accommodative processes, describing how a person adapts to the discrepancy between the factual circumstances (or real-self) and desired outcomes (or ideal-self).…”

Section: The Present Study: Personal Work Goals In the Interface Of Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in personal work goals in relation to the psychosocial work environment: A two-year follow-up study

et al. 2011

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Associations between changes in the psychosocial work environment and changes in personal work goals were investigated in a two-wave, two-year longitudinal study. Psychosocial work environment was studied within the context of the Effort-Reward Imbalance model (Siegrist, 1996) including the dimensions of effort, reward, and effort-reward imbalance. The participants consisted of 423 young Finnish managers (24-36 years at the baseline). The participants' most important personal work goals were categorized into seven content categories of competence, progression, well-being, job change, job security, organization, and finance at both measurement times. The ANCOVAs showed that there were differences especially in changes in the career opportunities factor of reward between participants whose goals changed during the study. First, participants who engaged in job change goals reported a decrease in reward, whereas participants who engaged in competence or organizational goals reported an increase in reward. Second, participants who disengaged from job change goals reported an increase in reward and a reduction in effort-reward imbalance. Finally, participants who disengaged from job security goals reported a reduction in reward and an increase in effort-reward imbalance. The study highlighted the central role of career opportunities in goal pursuit, which can also bear implications on the occupational well-being of employees.

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“…Among these diverse goals associated with the transition to adulthood, an ethnically diverse sample of youths about to graduate from high school gave the highest priority to completing a postsecondary educational degree, closely followed by obtaining a career (Chang et al 2006). Previous research on the school-to-work transition has investigated youths' expectations and aspirations (Chang et al 2010;Schoon 2001;Schoon and Parsons 2002), as well as their developmental goals (Chang et al 2006;Salmela-Aro et al 2007;Nurmi et al 2002). The present article expands upon this work by investigating the interplay of career-related personal control beliefs and control strivings, and their relationship with number of hours worked, during the school-to-work transition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Career-related goal pursuit among post-high school youth: Relations between personal control beliefs and control strivings

et al. 2011

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The present research reveals the bi-directional relationship between career-related control beliefs and strivings, and their predictive relationship with hours of gainful employment. Three waves of data of a longitudinal study of 532 graduating high school seniors from four ethnically diverse schools in the Los Angeles Unified School District were analyzed using structural equation modeling. The results show individuals' career-related personal control beliefs in effort and social connections, but not in ability or luck, were significantly predictive of career-related control strivings 1 year later. Thus, only personal control beliefs in causal factors that are contingent on an individual's primary control strivings to enact effects are predictive of active motivational engagement in pursuit of career-related goals. Regarding the inverse direction of influence (i.e., strivings predict beliefs), career-related control strivings were significantly predictive of careerrelated personal control beliefs in ability, effort, and social connections, but not luck, 1 year later. These results support the idea that active goal engagement creates an implemental mindset that optimistically biases individuals' beliefs in their personal control over causal factors relevant to attaining a pursued career-related goal. In addition, the results show that career-related control strivings, but not career-related personal control beliefs, are significantly positively associated with the number of hours of gainful employment worked 1-year later, supporting a beliefsstrivings-outcome sequential relationship.

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Personal Goals During Emerging Adulthood

Cited by 154 publications

References 41 publications

How do you Feel About this Goal? Goal-Related Affect, Positive Orientation, and Personal Goal Realization in the Family Domain

How do you Feel About this Goal? Goal-Related Affect, Positive Orientation, and Personal Goal Realization in the Family Domain

Changes in personal work goals in relation to the psychosocial work environment: A two-year follow-up study

Career-related goal pursuit among post-high school youth: Relations between personal control beliefs and control strivings

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