Persistent increase of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events in COVID-19 patients: a 3-year population-based analysis

Abstract

Aim We evaluated the incidence and relative risk of major post-acute cardiovascular consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection in a large real-world population from a primary care database in a region at moderate cardiovascular risk followed up in the period 2020-2022. Methods and results This is a retrospective cohort analysis using data from a cooperative of general practitioners in Italy. Individuals aged >18 affected by COVID-19 starting from January 2020 have been followed for three years. Anonymized data from of 228,266 patients in the period 2020-2022 were considered for statistical analysis and included 31,764 subjects with a diagnosis of COVID-19. An equal group of subjects recorded in the same database in the period 2017-2019 was used as propensity score matched comparison as an unquestionable COVID-19 free population. Out of the 228,266 individuals included in the COMEGEN Database during 2020-2022, 31,764 (13.9%) were ascertained positive with SARS-CoV-2 infection by a molecular test reported to general practitioners. The proportion of individuals with a new diagnosis of major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events was higher in the 2020-2022 COVID-19 group than in the 2017-2019 COMEGEN propensity score matched comparator, with an OR of 1.73 (95% CI: 1.53-1.94; p<0.001). All major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events considered showed a significantly higher risk in COVID-19 individuals. Incidence calculated for each 6-months period after the diagnosis of COVID-19 in our population was the highest in the first year (1.39 and 1.45% respectively), though it remained significantly higher than in the COVID-19 free patients throughout the three years. Conclusions The increase of cardiovascular risk associated with COVID-19 might be extended for years and not limited to the acute phase of the infection. This should promote the planning of longer follow up for COVID-19 patients to prevent and promptly manage the potential occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events.