Persistent anxiety-like behavior in marmosets following a recent predatory stress condition: Reversal by diazepam

Barros, Marília; Giorgetti, Marco; Souto, Anna América Vieira; Vilela, Gabriela; Santos, K.M.M.; Boas, Naiá Vilas; Tomaz, Carlos

doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2007.02.016

Cited by 19 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…It is important to point out that some studies that cite increases in scratching in relation to anxiety in primatology have used composite behavioral scores, labeled "self-directed behavior" or "displacement activity" scores, that lump scratching together with other anxiety-related behaviors (e.g., scent-marking, self-grooming, rubbing, yawning) [Barros et al, 2004[Barros et al, , 2007Dettmer et al, 2012;Elder & Menzel, 2001;Judge et al, 2011;Leavens et al, 2004;Manson & Perry, 2000;Schino et al, 1990Schino et al, , 1996. Although these composite scores make sense for the purposes of the studies in which they were used, they can also muddle the effects of anxiety on the specific behaviors within the score.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scratching under positive and negative arousal in common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus)

Neal

Caine

2015

American J Primatol

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Scratching has been widely used as an indicator of anxiety in many primate species. However, a handful of studies have shown no change in scratching under anxiety-provoking circumstances. In addition, the existing literature has investigated scratching only in relation to negative arousal (i.e., anxiety), even though anxiety and excitement (positive arousal) share important physiological and behavioral correlates, including increased heart rate, blood pressure, and locomotion. In the current study, we scored all instances of scratching in 11 outdoor-housed captive common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) during three contexts that were intended to be negatively arousing and three contexts that were intended to be positively arousing during a baseline, manipulation, and post-induction period. Summed across the three negative arousal contexts, the results showed that subjects exhibited significantly lower scratching rates during the manipulation than during either the baseline or post-induction periods, and the pattern of means was the same for all three of those contexts. Under the three contexts of positive arousal, subjects exhibited different patterns of scratching rates during the manipulation periods (play = increases, foraging = decreases, food anticipation = no change). Data from the current study, and a close examination of data from studies showing no change in scratching under anxiety-provoking circumstances, suggest that the anxiety-scratching relationship may be more complex than has been reported previously. Our results raise a potential concern about the unchallenged use of scratching as a behavioral indicator of anxiety in captive non-human primates, with important implications for welfare and management of these species.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scratching under positive and negative arousal in common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus)

Neal

Caine

2015

American J Primatol

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“…Further, the dopaminergic and cholinergic neurotransmitter systems have been shown to be involved in mediating the stressinduced deficits (Srikumar et al, 2006(Srikumar et al, , 2007Sunanda et al, 2000). Several studies have examined the possible amelioration of stress-induced cognitive deficits or other types of anxiety (Barros et al, 2007;Rajarao et al, 2007;Srikumar et al, 2006Srikumar et al, , 2007. In this context, drugs of natural origin are being evaluated in pursuit of better molecules or targets to treat anxiety disorders (Carlini, 2003;Kienzle-Horn, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Restoration of acetylcholinesterase activity byEuphorbia hirtain discrete brain regions of chronically stressed rats

Anuradha¹,

Srikumar²,

Deepti³

et al. 2010

Pharmaceutical Biology

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“…For example, marmosets can be tested using a primate version of the Wisconsin Card Sort Test and even be trained to perform computerized tasks using touch screens identical to tasks used in humans to test for attention and working memory and to diagnose neuropsychiatric or neurodegenerative disorders (Roberts et al, 1994;Roberts and Wallis, 2000;Spinelli et al, 2004;Spinelli et al, 2006). The availability of these complex behavioral tests for marmosets and the existence of several marmoset models of neurological disease, such as multiple sclerosis (t Hart et al, 2004;Boretius et al, 2006;Merkler et al, 2006), Parkinson's disease (Eslamboli, 2005), and Huntington's disease (Kendall et al, 1998) or models of, e.g., anxiety (Barros et al, 2000) allow preclinical testing of novel therapies or compounds for treatment of neurological or neuropsychiatric disorders (van Vliet et al, 2006;Barros et al, 2007;Starr et al, 2007;t Hart et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A molecular blueprint of gene expression in hippocampal subregions CA1, CA3, and DG is conserved in the brain of the common marmoset

Datson¹,

Morsink²,

Steenbergen³

et al. 2009

Hippocampus

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Recent studies in rodents have shown that there are significant differences in gene expression profiles between the hippocampal subregions CA1, CA3, and DG. These differences in molecular make-up within the hippocampus most likely underlie the differences in morphology, physiology, and vulnerability to insults that exist between the subregions of the hippocampus and are as such part of the basic molecular architecture of the hippocampus. The aim of this study was to investigate at large scale whether these subregional differences in gene expression are conserved in the hippocampus of a nonhuman primate, the common marmoset. This study is very timely, given the recent development of the first marmoset-specific DNA microarray, exclusively containing sequences targeting transcripts derived from the marmoset hippocampus. Hippocampal subregions CA1, CA3, and DG were isolated by laser microdissection and RNA was isolated, amplified, and hybridized to the marmoset-specific microarray (EUMAMA) containing more than 1,500 transcripts expressed in the adult marmoset hippocampus. Large differences in expression were observed in particular between the DG region and both pyramidal subregions. Moreover, the subregion-specific patterns of gene expression showed a remarkable conservation with the rodent brain both in terms of individual genes and degree of differential expression. To our knowledge, this is the first study investigating large scale hippocampal gene expression in a nonhuman primate. The obtained expression profiles not only provide novel data on the expression of more than 1,500 transcripts per hippocampal subregion but also are of potential interest to neuroscientists interested in the role of the different subregions in learning and memory in the nonhuman primate brain.

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Persistent anxiety-like behavior in marmosets following a recent predatory stress condition: Reversal by diazepam

Cited by 19 publications

References 22 publications

Scratching under positive and negative arousal in common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus)

Scratching under positive and negative arousal in common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus)

Restoration of acetylcholinesterase activity byEuphorbia hirtain discrete brain regions of chronically stressed rats

A molecular blueprint of gene expression in hippocampal subregions CA1, CA3, and DG is conserved in the brain of the common marmoset

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