Persistence of Organophosphorus Pesticide Residues in Limón River Waters

Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of some agropesticides used in Southern Africa

“…Most of the adverse effects to health, according to Norppa (2004) are the result of the genetic damage induced by genotoxic agents in somatic as well as in germinal cells and any genetic activity of chemicals, it has been suggested, is most likely to result from cell division abnormalities (Parry et al, 1999). Pesticides residues are known to persist in soil (Subbarao, 1999), water (Medina et al, 1999) and in fruits and vegetables (Ahouangninou et al, 2012;Osman et al, 2010) and represent a risk for human health. Genotoxicity and mutagenicity of pesticides for non target organisms and their influence on ecosystems are of worldwide concern (Pimentel et al, 1998).…”

Aerobic microbial transformation of pesticides in surface water

“…Through a series of outdoor studies using open and closed bottles containing intact or filtered (0.45 µm) river water, the contribution of each process was assessed for thirteen OPs. 34) Sorption to suspended particles retarded the dissipation of hydrophobic OPs. The degradation under sterile conditions was not available, but the reported hydrolysis data 17) showed the importance of biodegradation and photolysis with much less contribution of volatilization.…”

“…34,35,[110][111][112][113] Filtration of river water slightly enhanced their degradation in most cases, indicating less bioavailability due to adsorption to suspended particles. 34,113) LC-MS identification of products formed via oxidative desulfuration and S-oxidation showed the involvement of microbial processes. 112) As listed in Table 2, phosphorothioates are moderately degraded in natural waters with 20-90% contribution of biological processes.…”

Aquatic Life Water Quality Criteria for Selected Pesticides

“…The studies rated as relevant (R) or less relevant (L) were subject to a second evaluation while those that rated as not 210 (pH 4.7/15 C) a 99.0 (pH 6.9/15 C) a 54.2 (pH 8.1/15 C) a 120 (pH 6.1/20 C) b 53 (pH 7.4/20 C) b 62.7 (pH 4.7/25 C) a 77 (pH 5.9/25 C) c 204 (pH 6.1/25 C) c 35.3 (pH 6.9/25 C) a 22.8 (pH 8.1/25 C) a 15 (pH 9.7/25 C) c 15.7 (pH 4.7/35 C) a 11.5 (pH 6.9/35 C) a 4.5 (pH 8. NR not reported a Meikle and Youngson (1978) b Freed et al (1979a) c Macalady and Wolfe (1983) d Meikle et al (1983) e Dilling et al (1984) f Gomaa et al (1969) and Faust and Gomaa (1972) g Noblet et al (1996) h Jarvinen and Tanner (1982) i Medina et al (1999) j Lartiges and Garrigues (1995) k Mansour et al (1999) l Kamiya and Kameyama (1998) m Wolfe et al (1977) n Freed et al (1979b) o Teeter (1988) p Carpenter (1990) relevant (N) were not considered further. Data summaries detailing study parameters and scoring for all studies are included as the Supporting Material (http://extras.…”