Persistence of African swine fever virus on porous and non-porous fomites at environmental temperatures

Nuanualsuwan, Suphachai; Songkasupa, Tapanut; Boonpornprasert, Prakit; Suwankitwat, Nutthakarn; Lohlamoh, Walaiporn; Nuengjamnong, Chackrit

doi:10.1186/s40813-022-00277-8

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 25 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Temperature and humidity can affect the survival and transmission rate of viruses in the environment. Persistence of dried infectious ASFV on paper are significantly the longest at lower environmental temperatures whereas that of dried infectious ASFV on paper is significantly the shortest at higher environmental temperature, but that limited by the type of pollutants and ambient humidity 38 . ASFV in feces could remain infectious longer in 4 °C than 37 °C 39 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Ecological niche modeling based on ensemble algorithms to predicting current and future potential distribution of African swine fever virus in China

Gao

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

African swine fever (ASF) is a tick-borne infectious disease initially described in Shenyang province China in 2018 but is now currently present nationwide. ASF has high infectivity and mortality rates, which often results in transportation and trade bans, and high expenses to prevent and control the, hence causing huge economic losses and a huge negative impact on the Chinese pig farming industry. Ecological niche modeling has long been adopted in the epidemiology of infectious diseases, in particular vector-borne diseases. This study aimed to establish an ecological niche model combined with data from ASF incidence rates in China from August 2018 to December 2021 in order to predict areas for African swine fever virus (ASFV) distribution in China. The model was developed in R software using the biomod2 package and ensemble modeling techniques. Environmental and topographic variables included were mean diurnal range (°C), isothermality, mean temperature of wettest quarter (°C), precipitation seasonality (cv), mean precipitation of warmest quarter(mm), mean precipitation of coldest quarter (mm), normalized difference vegetation index, wind speed (m/s), solar radiation (kJ /day), and elevation/altitude (m). Contribution rates of the variables normalized difference vegetation index, mean temperature of wettest quarter, mean precipitation of coldest quarter, and mean precipitation of warmest quarter were, respectively, 47.61%, 28.85%, 10.85%, and 7.27% (according to CA), which accounted for over 80% of contribution rates related to variables. According to model prediction, most of areas revealed as suitable for ASF distribution are located in the southeast coast or central region of China, wherein environmental conditions are suitable for soft ticks’ survival. In contrast, areas unsuitable for ASFV distribution in China are associated with arid climate and poor vegetation, which are less conducive to soft ticks’ survival, hence to ASFV transmission. In addition, prediction spatial suitability for future ASFV distribution suggests narrower areas for ASFV spread. Thus, the ensemble model designed herein could be used to conceive more efficient prevention and control measure against ASF according to different geographical locations in China.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Ecological niche modeling based on ensemble algorithms to predicting current and future potential distribution of African swine fever virus in China

Gao

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The estimated survival time of infectious ASFV is affected by several environmental factors, including pH, temperature, type of fomite, light exposure, and the presence of viral aggregates ( Arzumanyan et al, 2021 ; Nuanualsuwan et al, 2022 ). Previous studies have evaluated the persistence of infectious ASFV on different materials under ambient temperatures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ASFV survived longer in pork (18–83 days) than in tissues (9–17 days) and plasma (14 days) at room temperature ( Petrini et al, 2019 ; Mazur-Panasiuk and Wozniakowski, 2020 ; Fischer et al, 2021 ). Additionally, porous materials, such as rubber and cellulose paper, supported ASFV viability for longer periods (14–22 days) than non-porous materials, like glass and metal (11–17 days) at 25°C ( Nuanualsuwan et al, 2022 ). Infectious ASFV has also been detected in sterile sand for at least 3 weeks, beach sand for up to 2 weeks, yard soil for 1 week, and swamp soil for 3 days ( Carlson et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of propidium monoazide quantitative PCR to discriminate of infectious African swine fever viruses

Li,

Wang,

Qing

et al. 2024

Front. Microbiol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

IntroductionThe detection of African swine fever virus (ASFV) is commonly performed using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), a widely used virological method known for its high sensitivity and specificity. However, qPCR has a limitation in distinguishing between infectious and inactivated virus, which can lead to an overestimation of viral targets.MethodsTo provide insights into ASFV infectivity, we evaluated the suitability of PMAxx, an improved version of propidium monoazide (PMA), as a means to differentiate between infectious and non-infectious ASFV. Pre-treatment with 50 μM PMAxx for 15 min significantly reduced the qPCR signal of ASFV in the live vaccine. Additionally, thermal treatment at 85°C for 5 min effectively inactivated the live ASFV in the vaccine. Based on a standard curve, the sensitivity of the PMAxx-qPCR assay was estimated to be approximately 10 copies/μL. Furthermore, we observed a strong agreement between the results obtained from PMAxx-qPCR and pig challenge experiments. Moreover, we utilized the PMAxx-qPCR assay to investigate the persistence of ASFV, revealing a close relationship between viral persistence and factors such as temperature and type of piggery materials.ConclusionThe findings of this study suggest that pre-treating viruses with PMAxx prior to qPCR is a reliable method for distinguishing between infectious and non-infectious ASFV. Thus, integrating of PMAxx-qPCR into routine diagnostic protocols holds potential for improving the interpretation of positive ASFV results obtained through qPCR.

show abstract

“…Infected carcasses are a potential source of environmental contamination, particularly the soil under the carcass and other objects around [e.g., ( 25 , 26 )]. The results of soil contamination testing in this study showed that viral DNA was detectable in soil contaminated with ASFV-infected carcasses, long after the carcasses were removed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wild boar (Sus scrofa) carcasses as an attraction for scavengers and a potential source for soil contamination with the African swine fever virus

Tummeleht,

Häkkä,

Jürison

et al. 2024

Front. Vet. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The wild boar (Sus scrofa) is a social animal species native to Eurasia. During the last decade, the wild boar population in Estonia has been severely affected by the African swine fever virus (ASFV), which has also affected domestic pig farming. The potential transmission routes of ASFV remain unclear and are currently under intensive investigation. This pilot study aimed to clarify the frequency and characteristics of contacts between living wild boars and the carcasses of their conspecifics, which could play a role in the transmission of ASFV. Wild animals' contact and scavenging behavior on wild boar carcasses were studied using trail cameras in an experimental setting on Hiiumaa, Western Estonia. Four legally hunted carcasses were used in the present study. This study aimed to determine whether intraspecies scavenging occurs in wild boars. The persistence of ASFV DNA in soil contaminated with infected wild boar carcasses was investigated separately. Among the 17 identified wildlife species that visited wild boar carcasses, the common raven (Corvus corax) was the most frequent one (37.26%), followed by raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides; 4.25%), carcass conspecific/wild boars (3.16%), and red foxes (Vulpes vulpes; 2.14%). Regarding the direct contact with the carcass, the same species ranking was detected: common raven (74.95%), raccoon dogs (9.94%), wild boars (4.21%), and red foxes (4.21%). No clear signs of cannibalism were noted among the wild boars, although brief physical contact with the carcasses was evident. The persistence of ASFV DNA in soil contaminated by infected wild boar carcasses was investigated separately. This study revealed that ASFV DNA from infected carcasses could be detected in forest soil for prolonged periods, even after removing the carcasses. Hence, the carcasses of infected wild boars may play an important role in spreading the African swine fever virus in wild boar populations; thus, prompt removal and disinfection of the soil could be considered necessary to limit the spread of the infection.

show abstract

Persistence of African swine fever virus on porous and non-porous fomites at environmental temperatures

Cited by 10 publications

References 25 publications

Ecological niche modeling based on ensemble algorithms to predicting current and future potential distribution of African swine fever virus in China

Ecological niche modeling based on ensemble algorithms to predicting current and future potential distribution of African swine fever virus in China

Application of propidium monoazide quantitative PCR to discriminate of infectious African swine fever viruses

Wild boar (Sus scrofa) carcasses as an attraction for scavengers and a potential source for soil contamination with the African swine fever virus

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About