Persimmon tannin alleviates hepatic steatosis in L02 cells by targeting miR-122 and miR-33b and its effects closely associated with the A type ECG dimer and EGCG dimer structural units

A-type ECG and EGCG dimers disturb the structure of 3T3-L1 cell membrane and strongly inhibit its differentiation by targeting peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ with miR-27 involved mechanism

“…In the present study, we observed that A-type proanthocyanidins dimers, especially A-type ECG dimer and A-type EGCG dimer, significantly decreased intracellular lipid accumulation, while A-type EC dimer showed less inhibitory potential, and B-type EC dimer exerted little effect. Similar results were also obtained for the four dimers in L02 cells as we previously reported [35]. These results strongly indicated that the presence of galloyl moieties within the structures of proanthocyanidins might be a crucial structural requirement for their potent inhibition on adipocyte hyperplasia and intracellular lipid accumulation.…”

“…Apigenin [38] and resveratrol [12] were reported to down-regulate the expressions of PPARγ and its down-stream genes through activating AMPK in 3T3-L1 cells. Our previous study revealed that the prevention of both A-type ECG dimer and A-type EGCG dimer in L02 cells were independent of AMPK pathway [35]. In the present study, we also found that the protein levels of AMPK and its phosphorylation were not increased by treatment of A-type ECG dimer and A-type EGCG dimer in 3T3-L1 preadipocyte cells (data not shown).…”

Proanthocyanidins and Where to Find Them: A Meta-Analytic Approach to Investigate Their Chemistry, Biosynthesis, Distribution, and Effect on Human Health

“…PAC hypolipidemic effect is further enhanced thanks to an active role in microRNA regulation (miR). In particular, PACs were shown to rapidly and transiently repress miR-33, which targets ATP-binding cassette A1 (abca1) and genes involved in the modulation of fatty acid and cholesterol homeostasis, and miR-122, which targets fatty acid synthesis genes (e.g., srebp-1c, fas) and fatty acid β-oxidation genes (e.g., NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase-1, ppar-β/δ) [ 288 , 293 , 317 , 318 ]. Their deregulation has been associated with metabolic disorders like obesity and MetS.…”

Optimization of ultrasonic-assisted extraction of antioxidant tannin from young astringent persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.) using response surface methodology

“…As shown in Figure a, pure methanol produced the highest tannin yield among several solvents under the same condition (200 W, 55 °C, 30 min, 25:1 mL:g). Besides, after elaborate purification process, persimmon tannin extracted by methanol with 1% HCl has been applied in mice to explore its anti‐hyperlipidemic effect and regulatory mechanism (Ge et al, ; Zou et al, ), confirming the safety of final product for food and medicinal application. Therefore, methanol was selected as the extraction solvent for both tannin yield and quality.…”

“…This was possibly caused by the different solvents in two assays (Wang & Lü, ). Tannic acid is a hydrolysable tannin that can be easily dissolved in water, whereas persimmon tannin was highly polymerized and 3‐O‐galloylated (Zou et al, ), which has good solubility in organic solution. The differences in solubility led to slight difference between DPPH and FRAP results.…”