Perovskite solar cells: film formation and properties

Song, Tze‐Bin; Chen, Qi; Zhou, Huanping; Jiang, Chengyang; Wang, Hsin-Hua; Yang, Yang; Liu, Yongsheng; You, Jingbi

doi:10.1039/c4ta05246c

Cited by 414 publications

(305 citation statements)

References 118 publications

(196 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

279

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…As discussed previously 14,15 , perovskites were originally viewed as a curious replacement to dye molecules in mesoscopic sensitized solar cells, due to its high absorption coefficient and broad absorption spectrum (Fig. 2a) 9 .…”

Section: Photovoltaics (Pvs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To date, tremendous efforts have been devoted to optimizing the perovskite crystallization and film formation in order to obtain highly crystalline and pinhole free perovskite thin films. Several review papers discuss the details of the differing growth methods 14,15 . Recently, perovskite thin films with full surface coverage and large polycrystalline domains (Fig 1g) have been achieved on large area by doctor-blade coating the precursor inks on hot substrates 16 , resulting in impressive device efficiencies.…”

Section: Versatile Forms Of Metal Halide Perovskitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Metal halide perovskites for energy applications

2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Exploring prospective materials for energy production and storage is one of the biggest challenges in this century. Solar energy is arguably the most important amongst various renewable energy resources, due to its wide availability and sustainability with lowest environmental impact. Metal halide perovskites have emerged as a class of semiconductor materials with unique properties including tuneable band gap, high absorption coefficient, broad absorption spectrum, high charge carrier mobility and long charge diffusion lengths, which enable a broad range of photovoltaic and optoelectronic applications. Since the first embodiment of perovskite solar cells showing a power conversion efficiency of 3.8%, the device performance has now been boosted up to a certified 21% within a few years. In this perspective, we summarize differing forms of perovskite materials produced via various deposition procedures, focusing on their energy related applications, and discuss current challenges and possible solutions, with the aim of stimulating potential new applications.

show abstract

Section: Photovoltaics (Pvs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Versatile Forms Of Metal Halide Perovskitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal halide perovskites for energy applications

2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…[87][88][89] While solar cells with record PCEs can be achieved without good control of the perovskite crystallization, this generally leads to films with large morphological deviations, leading to large PCE fluctuations in the resulting devices. [90] In this part of the review, we will discuss the reports on reproducible PCE and solar cell parameters. It should be noted that the reproducibility we are referring to is considered as a narrow scatter of PCE and solar cell parameters of PSCs processed under the same conditions.…”

Section: Reproducibility Of Perovskite Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[90,222] As the structure is soluble in water, the presence of humidity during film processing can significantly influence the thin film morphology and can lead to improved solar cell performance. [3,46,223] However, when fully-formed perovskite solar cells are exposed to air with a water-vapor content above 50% at room temperature, a loss in performance is incurred.…”

Section: Moisturementioning

confidence: 99%

Capturing the Sun: A Review of the Challenges and Perspectives of Perovskite Solar Cells

Petrus

Schlipf

Cheng

et al. 2017

Advanced Energy Materials

312

201

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

following statement: These materials can be processed from solution and yet exhibit optoelectronic materials properties described in classic solid-state physics textbooks. This unprecedented combination has led to photovoltaic devices that can be processed at room temperature and achieve performance levels similar to industry giant polycrystalline silicon, from a starting point of 3.8% in 2009. [1][2][3][4] The first light-emitting electrochemical cells [5] and diodes [6][7][8] have also been introduced recently, leading to tunable light emission spectra and internal quantum efficiencies exceeding 15%.The road towards these achievements has been marked by a constant improvement of perovskite deposition techniques fueled by our increasing understanding of the crystallization processes. The choice of deposition technique, either from solution or vapor, and the composition and order in which precursor species are applied has a great influence on the crystallization kinetics. Here, one can distinguish one-step methods where the perovskite is formed from a precursor mixture dissolved in a common solution, and two-step methods where the inorganic compound is deposited first and transformed to the perovskite phase later by addition of the organic constituents. [9][10][11] Furthermore, many parameters during processing can have an effect on the crystallization mechanism and consequently on film morphology, such as the choice of solvents, concentrations and processing additives that are often not incorporated into the final product. [11][12][13] We discuss this aspect in Section 2, where we focus our attention on the most commonly employed solution-based techniques. Additionally, as for any new technology trying to displace an incumbent technology, higher efficiencies, lower costs, reproducibility, stability, and sustainability are paramount. In particular, reproducibility has been a major challenge in perovskite solar cells from the beginning: small variations in morphology, like crystal size, film roughness, and pinholes can have detrimental effects on photovoltaic performance. [14] On the other hand, current-voltage measurements often showed a hysteresis that is rarely seen in other photovoltaic technologies. [15] These topics are highlighted in Sections 3 and 4. Finally, in Section 5 we discuss the framework for market introduction, such as cost reduction by choosing low-cost charge transport layers, or how the lifetime of perovskite absorbers can be extended by the choice of materials composition.Hybrid metal halide perovskites have become one of the hottest topics in optoelectronic materials research in recent years. Not only have they surpassed everyone's expectations and achieved similar performance as tried and true polycrystalline silicon photovoltaic devices, but they are also finding applications in a variety of different fields, including lighting. The main advantages of hybrid metal halide perovskites are simple processability, compatible with large-scale solution processing such as roll-to-roll printing, a...

show abstract

“…It has been reported that the surface roughness at the organic/perovskite interface is directly linked to the charge extraction and recombination [4,5]. We further examined using a BHJ layer with the same weight ratio may be a main reason for the efficiency decrease.…”

Section: Articlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perovskite-polymer hybrid solar cells with near-infrared external quantum efficiency over 40%

Fan

Zhang

et al. 2015

Sci. China Mater.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

an inverted structure (Fig. 1a) of indium tin oxide (ITO)/ poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) PEDOT: poly(styrenesulfonate) (PSS)/peroskite/ [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM)/Al(or Ag) [6−19]. For this type of peroskite/PCBM solar cell, generally only photons in the ultraviolet-visible range (300−800 nm) are harvested in the devices due to the medium optical band gap (~1.55 eV) of CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3-x Cl x or CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 . Solution-processed polymer solar cells utilizing conjugated polymer and PCBM bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) blend as a light absorber are also a promising photovoltaic technology due to tunable absorption features and energy levels, as well as excellent solution processibility of the diverse polymers [20−29]. Therefore, integrating the advantages of both photovoltaic technologies into a simple photovoltaic device will be of great importance to achieve cost-effective and low temperature processed photovoltaic technologies.It is well-established that nanoscale bicontinuous interpenetrating networks in polymer:PCBM BHJ solar cells are beneficial for realizing efficient exciton dissociation and charge transport [30,31]. Very recently, researchers from polymer solar cell community have introduced feasible strategies to push forward planar junction perovskite/ fullerene solar cells [32−36] In the past several years, conjugated polymers and organometal halide perovskites have become regarded as promising light-absorbing materials for next-generation photovoltaic devices and have attracted a great deal of interest. As the main part of this contribution, we describe the enhancement of near-infrared (NIR) photoresponse of well-known CH3NH3PbI3−xClx-based solar cells by the integration of bulk heterojunction (BHJ) small band gap polymer:fullerene absorbers. Particularly, the integration of a commercially available polymer PDPP3T and PCBM-based BHJ boosts the peak external quantum efficiency (EQE) by up to 46% in the NIR region (800−1000 nm), which is outside of the photoresponsive region (300−800 nm) of conventional perovskite solar cells. This substantial improvement in the EQE over the NIR region offers an additional current density of ~5 mA cm −2 for the control perovskite solar cell, and a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of over 12% was obtained in the perovskite/BHJ-based solar cells. In addition, the insertion of the BHJ absorber consisting of a small band gap polymer PDTP-DFBT and PCBM also results in nearly 40% EQE for the perovskite/BHJ solar cell. The results also reveal that controlling over the polymer/PCBM weight ratio for a BHJ absorber is the key to achieving the optimal efficiency for this type of perovskite-polymer hybrid solar cell.

show abstract

Perovskite solar cells: film formation and properties

Cited by 414 publications

References 118 publications

Metal halide perovskites for energy applications

Metal halide perovskites for energy applications

Capturing the Sun: A Review of the Challenges and Perspectives of Perovskite Solar Cells

Perovskite-polymer hybrid solar cells with near-infrared external quantum efficiency over 40%

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About