Permeation Characteristics and Void Structure of Iron Ore Sinter Cake.

Kasai, Eiki; Batcaihan, Batmunhiin; Omori, Yasuo; Sakamoto, Noboru; Kumasaka, Akira

doi:10.2355/isijinternational.31.1286

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…1) Since the 1950s, significant efforts have been devoted to understand the sintering process. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8] Notwithstanding, more work is still necessary because the sintering process is extremely complex. Commercial, pilot and laboratory scale experimental studies have provided a vast amount of information on the factors that determine the efficiency of the process and the influence of ore blends.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Model Predictions of Important Bed and Gas Properties during Iron Ore Sintering

Zhou

Zhao

Loo³

et al. 2012

ISIJ Int.

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A new numerical iron ore sintering model was developed recently. It takes into account most of the significant physico-chemical processes in sintering. In this study results from the model are compared with experimental results from twenty five sinter pot tests. Results indicate that the model can simulate the iron ore sintering process, as reasonable correlations between predicted and measured results were obtained in many areas. The good comparisons also indicate that the key sub-models, which have significant effects on results, viz., coke combustion, fluxes calcination, drying and condensation as well as heat and mass transfer, describe the sub-processes well. The phenomena of steady-state waste gas composition (SSWGC) and steady-state waste gas temperature (SSWGT) were simulated and analyzed by the model. A total of nine important input variables were identified and their influence on sintering time and three critical parameters which determine heat transfer during sintering were considered in the sensitivity studies. Results showed that bed bulk density, solid and gas thermal capacities, coke level and diameter and post-ignition airflow rate have the greatest influences on sintering time and the temperature profile parameters. This paper also gives suggestions on how the model can be improved.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Model Predictions of Important Bed and Gas Properties during Iron Ore Sintering

Zhou

Zhao

Loo³

et al. 2012

ISIJ Int.

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“…As expected, the occurring structural changes are very complex. Like all models, a number of assmptions have to be made in this area, and they have been discussed. , As in the previous work, , it is assumed that only the heat and mass transfer processes are affected by the structural changes, which means that the bed can be considered as a reactive porous media.…”

Section: Model Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Fundamental Study of the Cocombustion of Coke and Charcoal during Iron Ore Sintering

Zhao

Loo²,

Yuan

et al. 2018

Energy Fuels

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In a global carbon cycle, the net greenhouse gas (e.g., CO2) emissions can be significantly reduced if fossil fuels could be substituted with renewable and cleaner biomass-derived fuels. In the traditional iron ore sintering process, the complete replacement of coke, a coal-derived fuel, with charcoal is not possible because the two fuels have very different properties and combustion behaviors, resulting in an unacceptable deterioration in sintering performance. Consequently, only low substitution ratios can be tolerated. However, research has indicated that this ratio can be increased through altering the combustion behavior of charcoal. Most fuel particles in a sintering bed have an encapsulated layer of fine ore and flux particles. Through intentionally altering the properties of this adhering layer, combustion behavior can be altered, leading to improved sintering performance. This work uses a newly developed combustion model and a 2D sintering model to appropriately describe the combustion behavior in sintering based on fuel properties and defines the optimum thickness and porosity of the adhering layer. In this study, the required properties of the adhering layer encapsulating charcoal particles, so as to match the combustion behavior of coke particles, are determined theoretically. This study also shows that the conditions required for different fuels to have similar sintering performance are (a) comparable ignition temperature and overall combustion rate, and (b) comparable rates of combustion at various temperatures. Matching the overall combustion rate alone does not necessarily result in comparable sintering performance. Meanwhile, the apparent density and water holding capacity of the substituting fuels should be close to the equivalent values for coke to ensure similar granulation performance and, subsequently, the properties of the bed prepared for sintering. Until these conditions are fully met, combustion efficiency, the properties of the formed flame front (e.g., width, temperature, and speed), and, consequently, sintering performance will deteriorate. In practice, fully matching all of these conditions is difficult. The present work has given guidelines on which are the critical variables of the adhering fines layer that have to be considered when charcoal is introduced into sintering and also how the variables interact to determine flame front properties.

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“…On the other hand, the duration above a specific temperature also makes an important influence on the reaction kinetics in the packed bed, 15,16) which has been widely investigated by experimental [17][18][19][20][21][22][23] and numerical [24][25][26][27][28][29] studies over the past decades. Machida et al 30) established a relationship between products' strength and the duration…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%