Permeability of the blood-ocular barrier in adolescent and adult diabetic patients.

Yoshida, Akitoshi; Ishiko, Satoshi; Kojima, M; Ogasawara, Hironobu

doi:10.1136/bjo.77.3.158

Cited by 37 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Abnormal retinal vascular permeability caused by BRB breakdown precedes the appearance of clinical diabetic retinopathy [2,3]. Our study shows that retinal vascular permeability, as measured by VFP, increased significantly in the STZ-induced diabetic rats compared with control rats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 48%

Constitutive nitric oxide synthase is associated with retinal vascular permeability in early diabetic rats

et al. 2001

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Diabetes can result in retinopathy, which causes vision loss and blindness. Abnormalities of retinal vascular permeability precede the appearance of clinical retinopathy and could provide information about its pathogenesis. Increased retinal vascular permeability induced by retinal vascular disorders cause macular oedema [1], which decreases visual acuity and is difficult to cure clinically. Abnormal retinal vascular permeability caused by the breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier (BRB) was found in patients with diabetes and animals with experimentally induced diabetes using vitreous fluorophotometry (VFP) [2±5].Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a major vascular permeability factor increasing retinal Diabetologia (2001) Abstract Aims/hypothesis. We investigated the association between vascular permeability and constitutive nitric oxide synthase in rats with diabetes for a short duration (2 weeks). Methods. Retinal vascular permeability was evaluated in rats with diabetes induced by streptozotocin using vitreous fluorophotometry and a small animal adapter. We carried out in situ hybridization and semi-quantitative reverse transcription±polymerase chain reaction to study the expression of endogenous constitutive nitric oxide synthase mRNA in diabetic retinas. We also examined changes in the protein expression of constitutive nitric oxide synthase in diabetic retinas using immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. Results. Retinal vascular permeability was significantly higher in diabetic rats (median, 1.09 arbitrary unit) compared with control rats (median, 0.69 arbitrary unit) (p < 0.05). The expression of both neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase mRNA was higher in diabetic retinas than in the retinas of control rats as determined by in situ hybridization and reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction. Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting also showed that neuronal nitric oxide synthase increased in diabetic retinas. The immunohistochemistry of endothelial nitric oxide synthase indicated that non-vessel tissues increased in diabetic retinas while retinal vessels weakened. Western blotting showed that the amount of endothelial nitric oxide synthase increased. Conclusion/interpretation. These results suggest that increases in both constitutive NOSs (nNOS and eNOS) could be associated with retinal vascular permeability and that NOS is associated with clinical vascular dysfunction in the early stages of diabetes.[ Diabetologia (2001

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 48%

Constitutive nitric oxide synthase is associated with retinal vascular permeability in early diabetic rats

et al. 2001

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“…Increased values of AGEs in the vitreous in patients with PDR seem to be related to breakdown of the BRB. Furthermore, some authors reported that permeability of the bloodaqueous barrier (BAB) increased in patients with PDR (22,23). We speculated that increased corneal AGEs in patients with PDR may be caused by an increase of AGEs in the aqueous humor and vitreous resulting from breakdown of the BRB and/or BAB.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corneal Advanced Glycation End Products Increase in Patients With Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy

et al. 2001

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OBJECTIVE—To evaluate corneal advanced glycation end product (AGE) fluorescence in patients with diabetes and in healthy control subjects. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Corneal autofluorescence was measured in 26 eyes of 26 patients with type 2 diabetes (mean age 57.0 years; mean disease duration 12.2 years; mean HbA1c 7.1%) and 13 eyes of 13 healthy age-matched control subjects (mean age 57.9 years). The patients with type 2 diabetes were divided into the following groups: patients without diabetic retinopathy (DR), patients without proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), and patients with PDR. Corneal autofluorescence was measured by fluorophotometry with the wavelength that is characteristic of AGE fluorescence (excitation and emission 360–370 nm and 430–450 nm, respectively). We defined peak corneal autofluorescence levels as corneal AGE fluorescence values. We compared the corneal AGE fluorescence values in the four groups. RESULTS—In the PDR group (11.9 ± 3.9 arbitrary units [mean ± SD]), the corneal AGE fluorescence values were significantly higher compared with the control subjects (6.9 ± 1.3 arbitrary units), the patients without DR (7.4 ± 2.1 arbitrary units), and the patients without PDR (6.9 ± 2.2 arbitrary units) (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS—We found that corneal AGEs may increase in patients with diabetes and PDR compared with control subjects, patients without DR, and patients without PDR. In the patients with PDR, increased corneal AGEs may play a role in diabetic keratopathy.

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“…Multiple causes of blood retinal barrier breakdown have been identified, including infection (Cellini and Baldi, 1991;Pepose, et al, 1985), diabetes (Lobo, et al, 2000;Schalnus and Orloff, 1995;Yoshida, et al, 1993), and intraocular surgery (Men, et al, 2003). Associations have been reported between the breakdown of the blood retinal barrier and almost every retinal disease, particularly vascular retinopathies and pigment epitheliopathies (Forrester and Menamin, 1999).…”

Section: Blood Retinal Barrier Permeabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial endophthalmitis: Therapeutic challenges and host–pathogen interactions

Callegan

Gilmore

Gregory

et al. 2007

Progress in Retinal and Eye Research

151

153

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Endophthalmitis is an infection of the posterior segment of the eye that frequently results in loss of vision. This devastating result occurs despite prompt and often aggressive therapeutic and surgical intervention. Over the past decade, research has centered on determining the bacterial and host factors involved in this potentially blinding disease. The initial focus on the bacterial factors responsible for intraocular virulence has recently expanded into analysis the inflammatory response to infection, including the molecular and cellular interactions between the pathogen and host. This review discusses the epidemiology and therapeutic challenges posed by endophthalmitis, as well as recent findings from the analysis of interactions between the host and pathogen. Based on these findings, a model for the pathogenesis of endophthalmitis is presented. A more comprehensive understanding of the molecular and cellular interactions taking place between pathogen and host during endophthalmitis will expose possible therapeutic targets designed to arrest the infection and prevent vision loss.

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Permeability of the blood-ocular barrier in adolescent and adult diabetic patients.

Cited by 37 publications

References 14 publications

Constitutive nitric oxide synthase is associated with retinal vascular permeability in early diabetic rats

Constitutive nitric oxide synthase is associated with retinal vascular permeability in early diabetic rats

Corneal Advanced Glycation End Products Increase in Patients With Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy

Bacterial endophthalmitis: Therapeutic challenges and host–pathogen interactions

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