Permanency Planning in Foster Care: A Research Review and Guidelines for Practitioners

Tilbury, Clare; Osmond, Jennifer

doi:10.1080/03124070600833055

Cited by 45 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Thus cumulative incidences can be used to shed light on what type of problems OHC is a response to. Secondly, age is important as policy guidelines in several years have emphasised the importance of early intervention (Frame, 2002;Tilbury & Osmond, 2006). Cumulative incidence rates have been reported by other studies using Danish data and show a decreasing likelihood of entry into care (Fallesen, Emanuel, & Wilderman, n.d.;Ubbesen, Petersen, Mortensen, & Kristensen, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Cumulative incidence of entry into out-of-home care: Changes over time in Denmark and England

Ubbesen

Gilbert²,

Thoburn

2015

Child Abuse & Neglect

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Policies and thresholds vary for placing children into out-of-home care (OHC) at different ages. Evidence is lacking that quantifies the risk of entering OHC by age, and how this varies over time and between countries. We determined the age-specific cumulative incidence of ever entering OHC during childhood in Denmark and in eight local authorities in England. We used administrative data for any form of OHC (except respite care) provided by children's social services in Denmark and England from 1992 to 2008. Using life tables and national population estimates, we calculated the cumulative incidence of entry into OHC by year of age for cohorts born in 1992-1994 through to 2006-2008. The cumulative incidence of entry into OHC decreased over time in Denmark and increased in England at all ages. Cumulative incidence of OHC in the first year of life was similar in Denmark and England for infants born in 1992-1994 (Denmark 2.83/1,000, England 2.89/1,000), but infants born in 2007-2008 were nearly three times as likely to enter OHC before their first birthday in England (4.50/1,000) than in Denmark (1.61/1,000). Entry into OHC during adolescence was more common in Denmark than in England so that by 16 years old the cumulative incidence of ever entering OHC during childhood was twice as high in Denmark (33.83/1,000) as in England (15.62/1,000). Diverging trends over time in the use of OHC in Denmark and England are likely to reflect changing policies in the two countries.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Cumulative incidence of entry into out-of-home care: Changes over time in Denmark and England

Ubbesen

Gilbert²,

Thoburn

2015

Child Abuse & Neglect

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“…Thus, the bio-ecological perspective premises that child outcomes are influenced by multiple characteristics of the individual as well as family, social, cultural, and political factors that interact with the child and one another (Tilbury & Osmond, 2006). Children's attainment of permanency outcomes, then, will be influenced by the individual child, such as his or her developmental stage, as well as family relationships and cultural norms.…”

Section: Bio-ecological Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Predictors of foster care exits to permanency: A competing risks analysis of reunification, guardianship, and adoption

Akin

2011

Children and Youth Services Review

182

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Nearly 800,000 children spend time in foster care each year, with many children experiencing lengthy stays and exiting without a permanent family. The main objective of this study was to identify which child and placement characteristics were significant predictors of foster care exit to three types of permanency: reunification, guardianship, and adoption. A nonexperimental longitudinal design was used to observe an annual entry cohort of 3,351 children who entered Kansas foster care in state fiscal year 2006. The sample was observed for 30 to 42 months. Data sources were two state administrative databases, one which tracks all children in foster care and one on mental health services. The primary data analysis was competing risks survival analysis. Study findings showed that children in foster care exit to different types of permanency at different rates. Reunification occurs the most quickly, followed by guardianship, and then adoption. While patterns of predictors varied by type of permanency, three major categories of important permanency predictors were identified: 1) demographic characteristics of age at entry and race, 2) clinical needs related to child disabilities and mental health problems, and 3) continuity and connections represented by kin placements, sibling placements, early stability, and absence of runaway events. Implications suggested that social work practice be age-differentiated and culturally appropriate, and that children's needs related to disabilities and mental health problems be addressed with thorough assessment and evidencebased services. Social work practices should also strive to keep children connected to family and in stable placements. The major social work theory implication suggested that permanency theory balance the primordial solidarities principle that stresses family connections with the bureaucratic institutions principle that emphasizes structures for ensuring stability. In addition, ii this study's findings indicated the need to improve and expand timely permanency for more children. Policy implications included: using guardianship as a viable permanency option for more children; revising federal policy to promote the discovery and implementation of new, creative approaches to permanency; and, reforming the current financing structure to be more flexible and better aligned with the promotion of permanency outcomes.iii

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“…In child protection, the effect of worker's emotions on out-of-home placement decision has been associated with the impossibility to simultaneously respond to child, family and worker's own interests (Besharov, 1985;Goldstein et al, 1996;Taylor et al, 2008). Thus, for the one hand, it can be inferred that such emotions might result from worker's believes about the consequences that, based on his/her past experience, each social response (residential care vs. kept-at-home) will have for the child and the Tilbury & Osmond, 2006). On the other hand, it can also be assumed that such emotions can result from the risk of social and institutional criticism and recrimination toward the worker that might result from normative and social influence processes following an erroneous decision (either residential care placement or keep the child at home; e.g., Dickens, 2007;Kanani, Regehr, & Bernstein, 2002;Lachman & Bernard, 2006;Munro, 2005).…”

Section: Proposed Model: Psychosocial Decision-making Model Of Out-ofmentioning

confidence: 96%

The decision of out-of-home placement in residential care after parental neglect: Empirically testing a psychosocial model

Rodrigues

Calheiros

Pereira

2015

Child Abuse & Neglect

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Out-of-home placement decisions in residential care are complex, ambiguous and full of uncertainty, especially in cases of parental neglect. Literature on this topic is so far unable to understand and demonstrate the source of errors involved in those decisions and still fails to focus on professional's decision making process. Therefore, this work intends to test a socio-psychological model of decision-making that is a more integrated, dualistic and ecological version of the Theory of Planned Behavior's model. It describes the process through which the decision maker takes into account personal, contextual and social factors of the Decision-Making Ecology in the definition of his/her decision threshold. One hundred and ninety-five professionals from different Children and Youth Protection Units, throughout the Portuguese territory, participated in this online study. After reading a vignette of a (psychological and physical) neglect case toward a one-year-old child, participants were presented with a group of questions that measured worker's assessment of risk, intention, attitude, subjective norm, behavior control and beliefs toward residential care placement decision, as well as worker's behavior experience, emotions and family/child-related-values involved in that decision. A set of structural equation modeling analyses have proven the good fit of the proposed model. The intention to propose a residential care placement decision was determined by cognitive, social, affective, value-laden and experience variables and the perceived risk. Altogether our model explained 61% of professional's decision toward a parental neglect case. The theoretical and practical implications of these results are discussed, namely the importance of raising awareness about the existence of these biased psychosocial determinants.

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Permanency Planning in Foster Care: A Research Review and Guidelines for Practitioners

Cited by 45 publications

References 25 publications

Cumulative incidence of entry into out-of-home care: Changes over time in Denmark and England

Cumulative incidence of entry into out-of-home care: Changes over time in Denmark and England

Predictors of foster care exits to permanency: A competing risks analysis of reunification, guardianship, and adoption

The decision of out-of-home placement in residential care after parental neglect: Empirically testing a psychosocial model

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