Peripheral Refraction and Retinal Contour in Stable and Progressive Myopia

Faria‐Ribeiro, Miguel; Queirós, António; Lopes-Ferreira, Daniela; Jorge, Jorge; González-Meijóme, José Manuel

doi:10.1097/opx.0b013e318278153c

Cited by 60 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Investigations into myopia control over the previous decade have generated theories to explain why Ortho-K slows axial length increases in myopic children [48][49][50]. Most have centered on the effect of the optical changes to the peripheral refractive profile created by Ortho-K.…”

Section: How Ortho-k Slows Myopic Progressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Axial Length in Orthokeratology Patients: Large Case Series

Lipson¹

2016

AOVS

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Purpose: To evaluate axial length measurements obtained over a three-year period in children undergoing Orthokeratology (Ortho-K).Methods: Patient records were identified from a specialty contact lens practice. Data were obtained from myopic patients who were prescribed Ortho-K wear. Demographic data at baseline included age at commencement of Ortho-K and ethnicity. Clinical data recorded at baseline and at years 1, 2 and 3 included subjective refraction, corneal topography, corneal curvature, axial length, pupil size, and lens design, changes in lens parameters, lens wear habits, wearing time and unaided visual acuity. The primary outcome measure was change in axial length during the study period.Results: 194 eyes of 97 subjects were included in data analysis. Mean age at start of Ortho-K was 10.4 years (SD=1.9). Mean axial length was 24.59 mm (SD=0.85) at baseline and 24.87 mm (SD=0.87) at the three year evaluation, for a mean change in axial length of 0.28 mm (SD=0.64). 65.5% of eyes (n=127) showed little or no change (<0.5 mm) in axial length during the study period. 20.1% of eyes (n=39) showed moderate increase in axial length of 0.5-1.0 mm and14.4% of eyes (n=28) showed >1.0 mm increase in axial length during the 3-year study period. Linear mixed regression analysis showed a significant association between older age at initiation of Ortho-K and less increase in axial length (p=0.0077). Axial length changes were not associated with duration of wear (both hours/night and nights/week) or baseline corneal curvature. Conclusion:Use of Ortho-K may help reduce axial length elongation in myopic eyes. Age of the initial treatment is a key factor. The baseline of cornea curvature and duration of the wear are not directly associated with treatment outcome. Of note, during the three-year study, 65.5% of treated eyes (n=127) showed a minimal or clinically insignificant increase of axial length (<0.5mm). Early treatment should be considered.

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Section: How Ortho-k Slows Myopic Progressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…But, peripheral to the macular area, while spectacle and contact lens correction creates relative peripheral hyperopia, Ortho-K creates relative peripheral myopia [51][52][53][54][55][56]. This relative peripheral myopic defocus inhibits the signaling for the eye to elongate [50].…”

Section: How Ortho-k Slows Myopic Progressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Axial Length in Orthokeratology Patients: Large Case Series

Lipson¹

2016

AOVS

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“…The relative positions of the sagittal and tangential foci might be crucial to understand the mechanisms that guide the elongation of the eye. [17][18][19] Indeed, a study conducted in rhesus monkeys suggested that the emmetropization mechanism might by guided by the astigmatic defocus instead of the spherical equivalent defocus. The results suggested that the growth mechanism might be guided by the image plane that contains the maximum effective contrast and stimulus orientation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Changes in Peripheral Refractive Profile after Orthokeratology for Different Degrees of Myopia

González-Meijóme¹,

Faria‐Ribeiro²,

Lopes-Ferreira³

et al. 2015

Current Eye Research

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“…Retinal shape can be estimated by indirect optical methods that are based on peripheral refraction [11][12][13], partial coherence interferometry [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] and optical coherence tomography [25,26]. However such methods rely on assumptions concerning shape and refractive index distribution through the lens and other structures within the eye, in order to convert optical path lengths into geometrical dimensions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-dimensional MRI study of the relationship between eye dimensions, retinal shape and myopia

Pope

Verkicharla

Sepehrband

et al. 2017

Biomed. Opt. Express

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Abstract:We investigated changes in eye dimensions and retinal shape with degree of myopia, gender and race. There were 58 young adult emmetropes and myopes (range -1.25D to −8.25D), with 30 East-Asians (21 female/9 male), 23 Caucasians (16/7) and 5 SouthAsians (1/4). Three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging was undertaken with a 3.0 Tesla whole-body clinical MRI system using a 4.0 cm receive-only surface coil positioned over the eye. Automated methods determined eye length, width and height, and curve fitting procedures determined asymmetric and symmetric ellipsoid shapes to 75%, 55% and 35% of the retina. With myopia increase, eye dimensions increased in all directions such that increase in length was considerably greater than increases in width and height. Emmetropic retinas were oblate (steepening away from the vertex) but oblateness decreased with the increase in myopia, so that retinas were approximately spherical at 7 to 8D myopia. Asymmetry of eyes about the best fit visual axis was generally small, with small differences between the vertex radii of curvature and between asphericities in the axial and sagittal planes. Females had smaller eyes than males, with overall dimensions being about 0.5mm less for the former. Race appeared not to have a systematic effect.

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Peripheral Refraction and Retinal Contour in Stable and Progressive Myopia

Cited by 60 publications

References 34 publications

Axial Length in Orthokeratology Patients: Large Case Series

Axial Length in Orthokeratology Patients: Large Case Series

Changes in Peripheral Refractive Profile after Orthokeratology for Different Degrees of Myopia

Three-dimensional MRI study of the relationship between eye dimensions, retinal shape and myopia

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