Peripheral blood mononuclear cell secretome for tissue repair

Abstract

For almost two decades, cell-based therapies have been tested in modern regenerative medicine to either replace or regenerate human cells, tissues, or organs and restore normal function. Secreted paracrine factors are increasingly accepted to exert beneficial biological effects that promote tissue regeneration. These factors are called the cell secretome and include a variety of proteins, lipids, microRNAs, and extracellular vesicles, such as exosomes and microparticles. The stem cell secretome has most commonly been investigated in pre-clinical settings. However, a growing body of evidence indicates that other cell types, such as peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), are capable of releasing significant amounts of biologically active paracrine factors that exert beneficial regenerative effects. The apoptotic PBMC secretome has been successfully used pre-clinically for the treatment of acute myocardial infarction, chronic heart failure, spinal cord injury, stroke, and wound healing. In this review we describe the benefits of choosing PBMCs instead of stem cells in regenerative medicine and characterize the factors released from apoptotic PBMCs. We also discuss pre-clinical studies with apoptotic cell-based therapies and regulatory issues that have to be considered when conducting clinical trials using cell secretome-based products. This should allow the reader to envision PBMC secretome-based therapies as alternatives to all other forms of cell-based therapies.

Preliminary observations of a new approach to tissue repair: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells in platelet‐rich plasma injected into skin graft area

“…[1][2][3] The contribution of PRP in promoting tissue healing can be combined with cell-based therapies such as adiposederived stem cells or regenerative cell therapy. [1] Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PB-MNCs), in particular the monocyte lineage, may play a role in the epithelialisation, granulation tissue formation and neovascularisation; this producing different cytokines within their cell secretome, [4] by cellular differentiation developing an epithelial-like profile, [5] and through the dynamic changes of macrophages during different phases of wound healing. [6] The co-culture of PB-MNCs with platelet gel suggests the capacity of influence the whole process of tissue regeneration.…”

The Secretome-Modified Endothelial Cell Microparticles: Novel Player in the Endothelium Reparation: The Role of Endothelial Cell-Derived Microparticles?

“…Subsequently, they have in vitro investigated that the MPs and other fractions of secretome might mutually influence each another [9]. The final result of the interrelation may be shaping brand new biological components with irradiative abilities toward target cells [50,51].…”

Endothelial Repair and Endothelial Cell-Derived Secretome

“…Although an origin of endothelial cell-derived MPs from activated or apoptotic cells is crucial for realizing tissue repair, degenerative processes modulation, immune mediation, and directly/indirectly vascular injury [8], there are several controversies regarding an involvement of MPs in pathogenesis of CV disease [9]. The irst controversy affects the pathophysiological properties of MPs.…”