Peripheral Artery Disease and Glaucoma

Abstract

To examine the relationship between peripheral artery disease (PAD) and glaucoma. Methods: As part of a population-based study of 3280 persons of Malay descent (78.7% response) aged 40 to 80 years examined between August 1, 2004, and June 30, 2006, the ankle-brachial index (ABI) was assessed in all persons with known diabetes mellitus and every fifth systematically sampled participant without diabetes. Peripheral artery disease was deemed present if the ABI was 0.9 or less. Glaucoma was diagnosed using International Society of Geographical and Epidemiological Ophthalmology criteria. Results: Of the 922 participants who had ABI measured, 79 (8.6%) had PAD and 42 (4.6%) had glaucoma. Persons with PAD were more likely to have glaucoma (11.4% vs 3.9%; age-and sex-adjusted odds ratio [OR], 2.80; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.26-6.24), higher intraocular pressure (age-and sex-adjusted mean, 16.4 vs 15.5; P=.05), and a larger vertical cup-disc ratio (ageand sex-adjusted mean, 0.45 vs 0.40; P=.02). The association of PAD with glaucoma persisted while controlling for hypertension, diabetes, body mass index, serum triglyceride levels, and ␤-blocker use (multivariableadjusted OR, 2.55; 95% CI, 1.09-5.98) and was stronger in people with diabetes (multivariable-adjusted OR, 2.91; 95% CI, 1.14-7.44). Conclusions: Peripheral artery disease was related to glaucoma, supporting an association between large-vessel atherosclerotic disease and glaucoma. However, because the study sample included a high proportion of persons with diabetes, further research is needed to determine the relevance of these results to the general population.

Peripheral vascular disease – a new vascular disease associated with normal tension glaucoma: a case report

“…An association of PAD with glaucoma has been demonstrated in an Asian population, independent of cardiovascular risk factors. These findings provide further support for the concept that vascular processes and mechanisms that are pressure independent are associated with glaucomatous optic neuropathy [38].…”

Peripheral vascular disease – a new vascular disease associated with normal tension glaucoma: a case report

“…An association of PAD with glaucoma has been demonstrated in an Asian population, independent of cardiovascular risk factors. These findings provide further support for the concept that vascular processes and mechanisms that are pressure independent are associated with glaucomatous optic neuropathy [38].…”

Multiple Systemic Vascular Risk Factors Are Associated With Low-Tension Glaucoma

“…36,37 Our study supports this claim by finding a significant association between migraine headaches and LTG. A previous study described an association between peripheral vascular disease and GON, 52 but prior evidence supporting an association with LTG and peripheral vascular disease is limited. 53 Our study supports this association between peripheral vascular disease and LTG.…”

Ankle-brachial index and ocular diseases in a Russian population

“…The observations made in our study are partially contradictory to those reported by some previous investigations. Jeganathan and colleagues found in the Singapore Malay Eye Study that a lower ABI as an indicator of peripheral artery disease was related to glaucoma, supporting an association between large-vessel atherosclerotic disease and glaucoma [ 6 ]. Out of the 922 study participants of the Singapore Malay Eye Study, 79 (8.6%) had peripheral arterial disease (defined as an ABI < 0.9) and 42 (4.6%) had glaucoma, with individuals with peripheral arterial disease more likely having glaucoma (11.4% versus 3.9%; age- and sex-adjusted OR: 2.80; 95% CI: 1.26, 6.24).…”

“…Out of the 922 study participants of the Singapore Malay Eye Study, 79 (8.6%) had peripheral arterial disease (defined as an ABI < 0.9) and 42 (4.6%) had glaucoma, with individuals with peripheral arterial disease more likely having glaucoma (11.4% versus 3.9%; age- and sex-adjusted OR: 2.80; 95% CI: 1.26, 6.24). The association between peripheral arterial disease and higher IOP (age- and sex-adjusted mean, 16.4 vs 15.5; P = 0.05) was statistically marginal [ 6 ]. It is of importance that in Jeganathan´s study and our study, the associations with ABI were controlled for systemic factors such as hypertension, diabetes, body mass index, and serum triglyceride concentrations (multivariable-adjusted OR, 2.55; 95% CI, 1.09–5.98).…”

Peripheral vascular disease – a new vascular disease associated with normal tension glaucoma: a case report

“…An association of PAD with glaucoma has been demonstrated in an Asian population, independent of cardiovascular risk factors. These findings provide further support for the concept that vascular processes and mechanisms that are pressure independent are associated with glaucomatous optic neuropathy [38].…”

Multiple Systemic Vascular Risk Factors Are Associated With Low-Tension Glaucoma

“…36,37 Our study supports this claim by finding a significant association between migraine headaches and LTG. A previous study described an association between peripheral vascular disease and GON, 52 but prior evidence supporting an association with LTG and peripheral vascular disease is limited. 53 Our study supports this association between peripheral vascular disease and LTG.…”

Ankle-brachial index and ocular diseases in a Russian population

“…The observations made in our study are partially contradictory to those reported by some previous investigations. Jeganathan and colleagues found in the Singapore Malay Eye Study that a lower ABI as an indicator of peripheral artery disease was related to glaucoma, supporting an association between large-vessel atherosclerotic disease and glaucoma [ 6 ]. Out of the 922 study participants of the Singapore Malay Eye Study, 79 (8.6%) had peripheral arterial disease (defined as an ABI < 0.9) and 42 (4.6%) had glaucoma, with individuals with peripheral arterial disease more likely having glaucoma (11.4% versus 3.9%; age- and sex-adjusted OR: 2.80; 95% CI: 1.26, 6.24).…”

“…Out of the 922 study participants of the Singapore Malay Eye Study, 79 (8.6%) had peripheral arterial disease (defined as an ABI < 0.9) and 42 (4.6%) had glaucoma, with individuals with peripheral arterial disease more likely having glaucoma (11.4% versus 3.9%; age- and sex-adjusted OR: 2.80; 95% CI: 1.26, 6.24). The association between peripheral arterial disease and higher IOP (age- and sex-adjusted mean, 16.4 vs 15.5; P = 0.05) was statistically marginal [ 6 ]. It is of importance that in Jeganathan´s study and our study, the associations with ABI were controlled for systemic factors such as hypertension, diabetes, body mass index, and serum triglyceride concentrations (multivariable-adjusted OR, 2.55; 95% CI, 1.09–5.98).…”

Peripheral vascular disease – a new vascular disease associated with normal tension glaucoma: a case report

“…An association of PAD with glaucoma has been demonstrated in an Asian population, independent of cardiovascular risk factors. These findings provide further support for the concept that vascular processes and mechanisms that are pressure independent are associated with glaucomatous optic neuropathy [38].…”

Multiple Systemic Vascular Risk Factors Are Associated With Low-Tension Glaucoma

“…36,37 Our study supports this claim by finding a significant association between migraine headaches and LTG. A previous study described an association between peripheral vascular disease and GON, 52 but prior evidence supporting an association with LTG and peripheral vascular disease is limited. 53 Our study supports this association between peripheral vascular disease and LTG.…”

Ankle-brachial index and ocular diseases in a Russian population

“…The observations made in our study are partially contradictory to those reported by some previous investigations. Jeganathan and colleagues found in the Singapore Malay Eye Study that a lower ABI as an indicator of peripheral artery disease was related to glaucoma, supporting an association between large-vessel atherosclerotic disease and glaucoma [ 6 ]. Out of the 922 study participants of the Singapore Malay Eye Study, 79 (8.6%) had peripheral arterial disease (defined as an ABI < 0.9) and 42 (4.6%) had glaucoma, with individuals with peripheral arterial disease more likely having glaucoma (11.4% versus 3.9%; age- and sex-adjusted OR: 2.80; 95% CI: 1.26, 6.24).…”

“…Out of the 922 study participants of the Singapore Malay Eye Study, 79 (8.6%) had peripheral arterial disease (defined as an ABI < 0.9) and 42 (4.6%) had glaucoma, with individuals with peripheral arterial disease more likely having glaucoma (11.4% versus 3.9%; age- and sex-adjusted OR: 2.80; 95% CI: 1.26, 6.24). The association between peripheral arterial disease and higher IOP (age- and sex-adjusted mean, 16.4 vs 15.5; P = 0.05) was statistically marginal [ 6 ]. It is of importance that in Jeganathan´s study and our study, the associations with ABI were controlled for systemic factors such as hypertension, diabetes, body mass index, and serum triglyceride concentrations (multivariable-adjusted OR, 2.55; 95% CI, 1.09–5.98).…”