Peripapillary Choroidal Thickness in Young Asians With High Myopia

Gupta, Preeti; Cheung, Carol Y.; Saw, Seang‐Mei; Bhargava, Mayuri; Tan, Colin S.; Tan, Mellisa; Yang, Adeline; Tey, Frederick; Nah, Gerard; Zhao, Peng; Wong, Tien Yin; Cheng, Ching‐Yu

doi:10.1167/iovs.14-15742

Cited by 67 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…24,31 Relationship between SE and PPCT is more reliable in our study than previous results, as children with different refractive status and different degree of myopia were included in the study and the sample size was large. The relationship between age and PPCT is also disputed, as the current study and some previous studies showed no significant correlations, 20,22,26,31 while some other studies indicated a negative correlation between the two parameters. 24,28 The mean age of the participants may influence this relationship, as results from children and young adults showed no significant correlations.…”

Section: Independent Factors Of Cht Throughout the Posterior Polecontrasting

confidence: 82%

“…This may suggest an uneven expansion of the fundus in the peripapillary region during the early stage of myopia, as expansion of the fundus may lead to choroidal thinning and atrophy. Additionally, some previous studies have found there to be a negative correlation between AL and PPCT either partially or globally, [20][21][22]28 while other studies reported that neither the SE nor the AL was independently associated with PPCT. 24,31 Relationship between SE and PPCT is more reliable in our study than previous results, as children with different refractive status and different degree of myopia were included in the study and the sample size was large.…”

Section: Independent Factors Of Cht Throughout the Posterior Polementioning

confidence: 98%

“…However, a study carried out in high myopic young adults showed that the PPCTs were thinner in all high myopic subgroups than those in the emmetropes, and the PPCTs became thinner as the degree of myopia increased in all sectors. 20 This suggests that with the worsening of myopia, the choroid in the peripapillary region may gradually be affected. Choroidal thinning in the peripapillary region may become evident in the early adulthood, but not childhood, in high myopes.…”

Section: Cht According To Refractive Statusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…pediatric populations. In adults, ChT in the peripapillary region (also called PPCT) has been found to be thinner in those high myopes compared to emmetropes, 20 while in myopic children, the global PPCT was not significantly thinner than that of nonmyopic children. 21,22 The mechanisms that lead to such discrepancy are still unclear.…”

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confidence: 96%

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Distribution Pattern of Choroidal Thickness at the Posterior Pole in Chinese Children With Myopia

Deng

Jin

et al. 2018

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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Citation: Deng J, Li X, Jin J, et al. Distribution pattern of choroidal thickness at the posterior pole in Chinese children with myopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2018;59:1577-1586. https://doi.org/10.1167 PURPOSE. To determine the relationship between choroidal thickness (ChT) at the posterior pole and refractive error and to explore the difference between the macular and peripapillary regions in children with myopia. METHODS.A total of 340 healthy Chinese children underwent a series of comprehensive ocular examinations including cycloplegic refraction. Swept-source optical coherence tomography was used to measure the ChT in the macular and peripapillary regions. The Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study grid was applied to define the sectors.RESULTS. The mean spherical equivalent (SE) of the participants was À1.71 6 2.22 diopter (D; range from À7.63 to 4.25 D). The mean ChT in the central foveal, parafoveal, and perifoveal regions were 229 6 65 lm, 227 6 60 lm, and 215 6 50 lm, respectively, and the mean global peripapillary choroidal thickness (PPCT) was 136 6 33 lm. The choroid in the macular region and the global PPCT was thinner in myopes compared to hyperopes. The area between the central fovea and the optic disc underwent the largest change as myopia worsened. SE, uncorrected visual acuity, cornea curvature radius (CR), retinal thickness (RT), and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT, except for the central fovea) were the independent factors of ChT in the macular region. SE, CR, RT, and RNFLT were the independent factors of PPCT temporally, inferiorly, and globally, while only CR, RT, and RNFLT were independently associated with PPCT superiorly and nasally.CONCLUSIONS. Choroidal thinning might be uneven during the development of myopia. SE only influenced the macular area and sectors temporal and inferior to the optic disc.

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Section: Independent Factors Of Cht Throughout the Posterior Polecontrasting

confidence: 82%

Section: Independent Factors Of Cht Throughout the Posterior Polementioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Cht According To Refractive Statusmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 96%

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Distribution Pattern of Choroidal Thickness at the Posterior Pole in Chinese Children With Myopia

Deng

Jin

et al. 2018

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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“…6 A significant thinning in CT related with myopia was observed and CT in myopia had negative correlation with refractive power, axial length, and age, which was mentioned in previous studies (Table 3). 5,6,16,18,19 Excimer laser refractive surgery is a common option for correcting myopia. Our study, first reported that the choroid becomes thicker following myopic refractive surgery.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Change in choroidal thickness and the relationship with accommodation following myopic excimer laser surgery

Cheng

Yuan

et al. 2016

Eye

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Purpose To investigate early changes in choroidal thickness (CT) and the relationship with accommodation after myopic excimer laser surgery. Methods We enrolled the right eye of 70 patients with myopia and without other ophthalmic or systemic diseases who were suitable for myopic excimer laser surgery. The CT was measured at the fovea and at distances of 0.5 and 2.5 mm for the following: nasal; temporal; superior; and inferior to the fovea preoperatively and at 1 month postoperatively. Other data collected included demographic information (age, sex, and refractive error), the amplitude of accommodation (AA), intraocular pressure, axial length, corneal thickness, and surgical parameters. The data were analyzed with a paired Student's t-test, stepwise linear regression, and correlation analysis. Results The CT was significantly thicker postoperatively compared with the preoperative CT. The AA significantly decreased postoperatively. The change in the AA was the most significant factor associated with the change in the CT at the fovea. Except for 2.5 mm inferior to the fovea, the increase in the CT at other locations was positively correlated with the decrease in the AA. Conclusions The CT increased following myopic excimer laser surgery and the change was most obvious when accompanied by a decrease in the AA early after the surgery.

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Whole-Exome Sequencing Among School-Aged Children With High Myopia

Yu,

Yuan,

Chen

et al. 2023

JAMA Netw Open

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ImportanceHigh myopia (HM) is one of the leading causes of visual impairment worldwide. Genetic factors are known to play an important role in the development of HM.ObjectiveTo identify risk variants in a large HM cohort and to examine the implications of genetic testing of schoolchildren with HM.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study retrospectively reviewed whole-exome sequencing (WES) results in 6215 schoolchildren with HM who underwent genetic testing between September 2019 and July 2020 in Wenzhou City, China. HM is defined as a spherical equivalent refraction (SER) of −6.00 diopters (D) or less. The study setting was a genetic testing laboratory and a multicenter school census. Data were analyzed from July 2021 to June 2022.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe frequency and distribution of positive germline variants, the percentage of individuals with HM in both eyes, and subsequent variant yield for common high myopia (CHM; −8.00 D ≤ SER ≤ −6.00 D), ultra myopia (UM; −10.00 D ≤ SER &lt; −8.00 D), and extreme myopia (EM; SER &lt; −10.00 D).ResultsOf the 6215 schoolchildren with HM, 3278 (52.74%) were male. Their mean (SD) age was 14.87 (2.02) years, including 355 students in primary school, 1970 in junior high school, and 3890 in senior high school. The mean (SD) SER was −7.51 (−1.36) D for the right eye and −7.46 (−1.34) D for the left eye. Among schoolchildren with HM, genetic testing yielded 271 potential pathogenic variants in 75 HM candidate genes in 964 diagnoses (15.52%). A total of 36 known variants were found in 490 HM participants (7.88%) and 235 protein-truncating variants (PTVs) in 506 participants (8.14%). Involved variant yield was significantly positively associated with SER (Cochran-Armitage test for trend Z = 2.5492; P = .01), which ranged from 7.66% in the CHM group, 8.70% in the UM group, to 11.90% in the EM group. We also found that primary school students with EM had the highest variant yield of PTVs (8 of 35 students [22.86%]), which was 1.77 and 4.78 times that of the UM and CHM, respectively.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study of WES for HM, several potential pathogenic variants were identified in a substantial number of schoolchildren with HM. The high variation frequency in younger students with EM can provide clues for genetic screening and clinical examinations of HM to promote long-term follow-up assessment.

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Peripapillary Choroidal Thickness in Young Asians With High Myopia

Cited by 67 publications

References 30 publications

Distribution Pattern of Choroidal Thickness at the Posterior Pole in Chinese Children With Myopia

Distribution Pattern of Choroidal Thickness at the Posterior Pole in Chinese Children With Myopia

Change in choroidal thickness and the relationship with accommodation following myopic excimer laser surgery

Whole-Exome Sequencing Among School-Aged Children With High Myopia

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