Peripapillary Choroidal Thickness by Enhanced Depth Imaging Optical Coherence Tomography: The Impact of Metabolic Syndrome

Loureiro, Mónica; Braga, Ana Cristina; Meira, Dália; Sepúlveda, Paula; Agrelos, Luís; Torres, Pedro

doi:10.5301/ejo.5000911

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…Several efforts have been made to overcome the limitations of subfoveal CT measurements in isolation. In some studies, CT measurements at locations other than the macula or subfoveal CT have been attempted in various diseases ( 23 , 79 , 82 , 89 , 104 , 108 ). In others, CT was measured both at the macula and outside the macular region ( 26 , 32 , 77 , 81 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Peripapillary CT was lower in type 2 diabetic patients with impaired renal function in a study by Liu et al ( 23 ), and it was positively correlated with the estimated glomerular filtration rate. Loureiro et al ( 89 ) reported that peripapillary CT in the temporal and inferotemporal sectors was significantly lower in patients with metabolic syndrome than in normal controls. Changes in CT not only in the macula but also outside the macula support the hypothesis that choroidopathy occurs in patients with systemic vascular diseases.…”

Section: Choroidal Thickness Measurement Beyond the Maculamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This highly vascularized nature of the choroid, which can be assessed by non-invasive imaging, has drawn attention to the choroid in a variety of systemic diseases, such as the metabolic, inflammatory, and the systemic vascular disease ( 88 ). Peripapillary CT measurements have also been attempted in patients with systemic illnesses ( 24 , 89 – 93 ) such as diabetes ( 23 , 94 – 97 ), thyroid diseases ( 98 , 99 ), and pulmonary diseases ( 25 , 100 ) ( Table 3 ). Yazgan et al ( 94 ) showed that the macular and peripapillary choroid was significantly thicker in pre-diabetic patients than in healthy controls at all 15 measuring points.…”

Section: Choroidal Thickness Measurement Beyond the Maculamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Choroidal Thickness Profile in Chorioretinal Diseases: Beyond the Macula

Kim

2021

Front. Med.

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Enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT) and swept-source OCT (SS-OCT) have emerged as essential diagnostic tools in the study and management of various chorioretinal diseases. Evidence from early clinical studies using EDI-OCT and SS-OCT indicates that choroidal dysfunction plays a major role in the pathogenesis of chorioretinal diseases. Measurement of choroidal thickness (CT) has already become a major research and clinical method, and CT is considered as an indicator of choroidal status in a variety of ophthalmic diseases. Recently, CT measurement has also been proposed as a non-invasive marker for the early detection and monitoring of various systemic diseases. Among the several possible CT measurement locations, subfoveal CT has rapidly become a reliable parameter for measuring CT in healthy and diseased eyes. Moreover, recent advancements in OCT technology have enabled faster and wider imaging of the posterior part of the eye, allowing the various changes in CT as measured outside the macula to be shown accordingly. In this review, we first provide an overview of the results of clinical studies that have analyzed the healthy macular choroid and that in various chorioretinal diseases, and then summarize the current understanding of the choroid outside the macula. We also examine the CT profile as an index that encompasses both within and outside of the macula. Furthermore, we describe the clinical applications of ultrawide OCT, which enables visualization of the far periphery, and discuss the prospects for the development of more reliable choroidal parameters that can better reflect the choroid's characteristics.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Choroidal Thickness Measurement Beyond the Maculamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Choroidal Thickness Measurement Beyond the Maculamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Choroidal Thickness Profile in Chorioretinal Diseases: Beyond the Macula

Kim

2021

Front. Med.

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“…7,8 Optical coherence tomography (OCT) provides a noninvasive, relatively inexpensive, readily available and accurate means of choroid imaging. 9 Choroidal thickness (CT) has been examined across varying cardiovascular risk factors; 10 of note, coronary artery disease, 11,12 heart failure 13 diabetes mellitus without diabetic retinopathy 14 and metabolic syndrome 15 have been associated with reduced subfoveal CT. On the contrary, dyslipidaemia has been suggested to increase CT, 16 while pre-eclampsia might reduce it. 17 Based on the above, we aimed to conduct a metaanalysis on the effect of hypertension on CT values compared with normotensive adults.…”

Section: Therapeutic Advances In Ophthalmologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Choroidal thickness in patients with systemic arterial hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2022

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Background: The global burden of hypertension is constantly increasing with adverse cardiovascular and ocular sequelae. The association between elevated blood pressure and choroidal thickness (CT), as assessed via optical coherence tomography (OCT), is poorly understood. Objectives and Design: Studies including hypertensive adults and normotensive controls undergoing OCT were evaluated for inclusion in this meta-analysis. The primary endpoint was CT difference between hypertensive and normotensive adults. Data Sources and Methods: We conducted a systematic review and after searching 1011 results from MEDLINE, ClinicalTrials.gov, medRxiv and Cochrane Library, six studies were deemed eligible and were pooled according to a random-effect model. Results: A statistically significant reduction in choroidal thickness was found in hypertensive adults ( n = 454) as compared with normotensive controls ( n = 365) [mean difference: −0.77; 95% confidence intervals: (−1.20, −0.34); p = 0.0004]. The main limitations of this meta-analysis are the relatively small population included and the high statistical heterogeneity ( I2 = 87%) among the various studies. Of note, after excluding one study the heterogeneity was markedly reduced. Conclusion: Choroidal thickness is reduced among hypertensive subjects compared with normotensive controls. This finding mandates further examination in the context of long-term clinical outcomes.

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“…[11] Loureiro et.al found that choroidal thickness (CT) in temporal and inferotemporal sectors were signi cantly lower in MetS patients. [12] Factors pertinent to NAFLD including obesity, [13,14] cardiovascular risk factors [15] and insulin resistance [16] have also proven to be negatively correlated with CT. Even there is robust evidence suggesting lower CT in in ammatory vascular disease such as systemic lupus erythematosus [17] , behçet [18] , scleroderma [19] and so forth [20] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of choroidal thickness in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Niyousha,

Razmaray,

Mohammadi

et al. 2024

Preprint

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We aimed to evaluate choroidal thickness with optical coherence tomography (OCT) in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Twenty-five patients diagnosed with grade 2 NAFLD between the ages of 20 and 40 along with 20 age and sex-matched healthy controls were recruited. After full ophthalmological examination, choroidal thickness (CT) at fovea, nasal 500, nasal 1000, temporal 500 and temporal 1000-micron distances was obtained for both eyes using enhanced depth imaging (EDI)-OCT. Mean ages of NAFLD patients and healthy controls were 34.25±2.00 and 33.41±2.00 respectively. Statistical analysis showed that in the measurements taken from 1000-micron nasal to the left fovea, CT was 320.25±36.16 μm in NAFLD group and 298.05±36.90 μm in healthy group which showed a significant difference between two groups (p=0.046). No other measurements were statistically significant between groups (p > 0.05 for all measurements). In concussion, Choroidal thickness was not affected in grade 2 NAFLD.

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Peripapillary Choroidal Thickness by Enhanced Depth Imaging Optical Coherence Tomography: The Impact of Metabolic Syndrome

Abstract: The choroidal thickness was significantly less in temporal and inferotemporal sectors in patients with MetS than in controls. This may suggest vascular insufficiency around the optic nerve head.

Cited by 3 publications

References 18 publications

Choroidal Thickness Profile in Chorioretinal Diseases: Beyond the Macula

Choroidal Thickness Profile in Chorioretinal Diseases: Beyond the Macula

Choroidal thickness in patients with systemic arterial hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Evaluation of choroidal thickness in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

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