Periodontal condition of pregnant women assessed by CPITN

Miyazaki, Hideo; Yamashita, Yoshihisa; Shirahama, Ryuji; Goto-Kimura, K.; Shimada, Naoki; Sogame, Akira; Takehara, Tadamichi

doi:10.1111/j.1600-051x.1991.tb00067.x

Cited by 84 publications

(101 citation statements)

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“…(13,14) A higher incidence of periodontitis has been seen in pregnant women than in those who were not pregnant; this incidence was found to progressively increase from the first trimester through to the third. (7,15) A probable reason for this increase could be due to the increased predisposition of periodontal tissues with increasing hormonal levels towards the end of the third trimester. (16) Changes in salivary pH were in contrast to all the examined parameters in the present study (oral hygiene, dental caries, gingival health and periodontal health).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of oral lesions and measurement of salivary pH in the different trimesters of pregnancy

Jain¹,

Kaur²

2015

smedj

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INTRODUCTIONMany epidemiological studies on the prevalence of oral lesions and dental health status of pregnant women have been conducted worldwide.(1-6) However, data on the prevalence of oral lesions in the different trimesters of pregnancy is scarce. Investigations that have been done in the different trimesters are mainly restricted to dental health status and not many factors have been studied. Therefore, this study was undertaken to assess the prevalence of oral lesions during the different trimesters of pregnancy and their correlation with salivary pH change, and comparing the results against those in nonpregnant women. We also attempted to assess the changes to oral hygiene, caries, gingival and periodontal health statuses, and salivary pH in the different trimesters of pregnancy. METHODSThe study group comprised a total of 120 pregnant women (40 in the first trimester, 40 in the second, and 40 in the third) between 18 and 35 years old who attended the outpatient clinic of the Obstetrics and Gynaecology department of MM Medical Hospital, India. The control group comprised 40 nonpregnant women in a corresponding age group. The following are the exclusion criteria used in the present study: (a) contributory medical history of pathological conditions and history of drug therapy that may cause oral mucosal lesions and changes in salivary pH; and (b) smoking/ tobacco chewing habit. Data pertaining to education level and general awareness of oral hygiene were collected. The participants were from nearby villages, and most of them had dropped out of school with only a primary education. The following indices were used to assess participants' gingival and periodontal health statuses, and determine the number of teeth that were decayed, missing or filled: (a) gingival index (GI); (7) (b) simplified oral hygiene index (OHI-S); (8) (c) community periodontal index (CPI); (9) and (d) decayed-missing-filled teeth index.(10) Participants were clinically examined for the following parameters: oral hygiene, gingival health, periodontal health, dental caries, and the presence of any gingival or oral mucosal lesions (or any other oral lesions). Saliva samples were collected for the measurement of salivary pH using a digital pH meter (LT-23; Labtronics, Panchkula, Haryana, India). Saliva samples were collected from each participant at least one hour after breakfast, which would yield unstimulated saliva. For the collection of these samples, all participants were requested to be as quiet as possible. They were instructed to allow the saliva to flow into the mouth as normally as possible and expectorate into the large test tubes provided. In all, 8-10 mL of sample was collected for each participant. The pH of each sample was determined within the first half an hour after collection.The data obtained was systematically tabulated and subjected to statistical analysis. Statistical correlations among all the parameters within the first, second and third trimester groups and the control group were determined using Pearson's coeffi...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of oral lesions and measurement of salivary pH in the different trimesters of pregnancy

Jain¹,

Kaur²

2015

smedj

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“…Although changes in periodontal status during pregnancy have been reported, the exact sequence of events from periodontal health to disease in pregnant women remains unknown. 1,2,3,4,5,6 Several factors have been investigated during research on periodontal disease in pregnancy, including hormone levels, 7,8 virulence factors of microorganisms, 9,10 changes in immunologic responses, 5,11 and microbiota. 12,13,14,15,16,17,18 Various types of analysis and models have proven helpful in understanding the multi-factorial causes of periodontal disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…12,13,14,15,16,17,18 Various types of analysis and models have proven helpful in understanding the multi-factorial causes of periodontal disease. 7,8,19,20,21 Of these, bacterial challenge studies have provided a valuable contribution to understanding the complex pathogenesis of periodontal disease. 22 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal study on clinical and microbial analysis of periodontal status in pregnancy

et al. 2016

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This study was aimed to provide a longitudinal overview of the subgingival bacterial microbiome using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technique, in women in the second trimester of pregnancy (between 14 and 24 weeks), and 48 h and 8 weeks postpartum. Of 31 women evaluated during pregnancy, 24 returned for the 48-h and 18 for their 8-week exams postpartum. Probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing, clinical attachment level, and presence of calculus were recorded. Subgingival plaque samples were collected, and FISH was used to identify the numbers of eight periodontal pathogens. Friedman test was used to compare differences between follow-up examinations, followed by a multiple comparison test for a post hoc pairwise comparison. Clinically, a significantly greater number of teeth with PD = 4-5 mm were found during pregnancy than on postpartum examinations. Microbial analysis showed a statistically significant decrease in cell count over the study period for Prevotella nigrescens. P. intermedia, Campylobacter rectus, and Porphyromonas gingivalis also decrease, although not significantly, and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans increased. No significant changes were found for Fusobacterium nucleatum, Treponema denticola, or Tannerella forsythia. Our data demonstrate a change in the subgingival microbiota during pregnancy, at least for P. nigrescens.

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“…The mean number of teeth present was 28 (sd 2) per subject, mean percentage of sites with plaque present was 60.5% (sd 22.6), mean pocket depth was P regnant women demonstrate an increased level of gingival inflammation compared to non-pregnant controls. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] There have also been studies that have shown an increased probing depth during pregnancy 1,4 however others have failed to demonstrate this finding. 3,5 A fairly consistent observation is that these changes occur in the absence of changes in oral hygiene indices.…”

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confidence: 99%