Periocular skin warming elevates the distal skin temperature without affecting the proximal or core body temperature

Ichiba, Tomohisa; Suzuki, Masahiro; Aritake-Okada, Sayaka; Uchiyama, Makoto

doi:10.1038/s41598-019-42116-x

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The removal of the heat source may have prevented further decreases in the pulse rate. The effects of the three interventions on the pulse rate were similar to the effect of the warming EM observed in a previous study [7], with no appreciable differences among the three groups.…”

Section: Physiological Indicatorssupporting

confidence: 83%

“…This explains the observed elevation of axillary temperature at the end of and 10 min after the intervention compared with that before the intervention in all three groups. Previous studies using the warming EM have reported that the warming EM signi cantly increased the distal skin temperatures (hands and feet) without affecting the proximal skin temperature (infraclavicular region) or core body temperatures and provoked physiological heat loss [6,7]. The elevation of axillary temperature in the present study may not be attributable to the heat stimuli only and is consistent with a previous study showing that neither the truncal skin temperature nor the core body temperature was in uenced by the periocular warming [6].…”

Section: Physiological Indicatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The application of warm compresses around the eyes has attracted attention as a means to alleviate visual display terminal (VDT) syndrome [5]; furthermore, relaxation and sleep improving effects have been reported [6,7]. However, no previous studies have used physiological, biochemical, and psychological indicators to comprehensively test the effects of the application of eye masks (EMs), heated (HEMs), and aroma-scented heated eye masks (AHEM).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A semi-randomized study determining the psychological and physical effects of three types of eye masks on adult women

Murota

Isoda

Takahira

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: Warm compresses are one of the nursing techniques clinically used to improve patients’ comfort and promote the treatment efficacy. Here the effects of eye masks (EM), heated eye masks (HEM), and aroma-scented heated eye masks (AHEM) and their potential as a nursing technique to provide comfort were studied.Methods: Participants in this study were 42 healthcare professionals (female, 20–60 years of age), who voluntarily consented to participate. They participated in all three interventions with EM, HEM, and AHEM at an interval of at least 1 week between interventions. Indicators used were low frequency to high frequency ratio (LF/HF), blood flow, axillary temperature, pulse rate, blood pressure, the salivary α-amylase activity (SAA), and the Profile of Mood States Second Edition (POMS).Results: Of 42 participants in total, 32 were included in the analysis. Their mean age was 46.8 years. The blood flow and axillary temperature values significantly increased and the LF/HF values and the pulse rates significantly decreased after the use of EM, HEM, or AHEM. The POMS Total Mood Disturbance (TMD) score and scores for six POMS subscales significantly decreased after the use of EM, HEM, or AHEM.Comparisons among the three groups showed differences in LF/HF. Scores for subscales of POMS also differed among the three groups.Conclusions: These results suggest that the use of EM, HEM, or AHEM intervention is safe with no major body burden. Parasympathetic nerves may be dominant after the EM, HEM, or AHEM interventions The TMD score improved after the EM, HEM, or AHEM intervention. The data suggest that the AHEM use is particularly effective in alleviating depression, dejection, and confusion after the intervention. These findings indicates that the EM, HEM, or AHEM use holds potential as a nursing technique to provide comfort.Trial registration: UMIN Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN000018409Trial registration number: UMIN-CTR R000021207Date of registration: 07/24/2015

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Section: Physiological Indicatorssupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Physiological Indicatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A semi-randomized study determining the psychological and physical effects of three types of eye masks on adult women

Murota

Isoda

Takahira

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In a preliminary study, we demonstrated that periocular skin warming improves subjective sleep initiation in healthy individuals with mild difficulty falling asleep ( 15 ). In addition, periocular skin warming during the daytime in healthy men has been demonstrated to increase the distal skin (hands and foot) temperature and DPG, resulting in the promotion of sleep onset in a laboratory environment ( 16 , 17 ). Considering that periocular skin warming has similar thermoregulatory effects on sleep as distal skin warming, periocular skin warming might be safely and easily employed at home as a treatment option for insomnia disorder.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Periocular Skin Warming Promotes Sleep Onset Through Heat Dissipation From Distal Skin in Patients With Insomnia Disorder

et al. 2022

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Study ObjectivesPeriocular skin warming before bedtime has been demonstrated to improve subjective sleep initiation in healthy adults with sleep difficulties scored six or higher in the Pittsburgh Sleep Questionnaire Index. This study aimed to investigate the effects of periocular skin warming on sleep initiation and thermoregulation processes in patients with insomnia disorder.MethodsParticipants included those with sleep difficulty (n = 22) and those with insomnia disorder (n = 16). Individuals from both groups were assessed at baseline (habitual sleep-wake schedule) and after two intervention conditions (use of a warming eye mask or a sham eye mask before habitual bedtime). The subjective and electroencephalographic sleep onset latency, along with proximal and distal skin temperature after periocular skin warming, were evaluated.ResultsPeriocular skin warming reduced objective sleep onset latency in independently of the group. Foot temperature and foot-proximal temperature gradient after getting into bed increased with periocular skin warming in independently of the group. However, the increase in hand temperature was observed only in the insomnia disorder group. Periocular skin warming also increased the normalized high frequency component of heart rate variability in independently of the group. The reduction of objective sleep onset latency was strongly associated with heat dissipation from the foot skin region.ConclusionThese results suggest that periocular skin warming promotes sleep initiation by enhancing heat dissipation from the distal skin regions in individuals with sleep difficulty and insomnia disorder. Periocular skin warming could thus be a novel non-pharmacological therapy for insomnia disorder.

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“…We previously reported that periocular skin warming induced psychological and physiological relaxation [11] and improved the subjective and objective quality of sleep [12, 13]. Possibly, warm steam inhalation may have similar beneficial effects on sleep quality through psychological relaxation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Warm Steam Inhalation before Bedtime Improved Sleep Quality in Adult Men

Ichiba

Kakiuchi

Suzuki

et al. 2019

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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In humans, the inhalation of warm steam has been reported to decrease the respiratory rate. However, the effects of warm steam inhalation on sleep have not been studied closely. This study aimed to examine the effects of warm steam inhalation before bedtime on subsequent sleep quality. The participants included 17 adult men with mild sleep difficulties and anxiety. All experiments were conducted in the participants’ homes. The participants were instructed to wear a warm steam-generating mask or sham mask over the nose and mouth for 15 minutes immediately before habitual bedtime and were then allowed to sleep until their habitual waking time. The functional mask provided approximately 600 mg of steam for 10 minutes and maintained an interior temperature of 38–40°C for 15 minutes. We evaluated the participants’ electrocardiograms and subjective moods while wearing the mask. During sleep, electroencephalograms (EEGs) were recorded using a single-channel portable device. In the morning, each participant was instructed to report their sleep details subjectively using a visual analog scale. At bedtime, the subjects’ subjective apprehension of the next day was reduced significantly under steam inhalation, compared with the sham condition. Compared to the sham condition, steam inhalation before bedtime was associated with a higher EEG delta power density during the first third of sleep episodes and better subjective sleep quality in the morning. These results suggest that safe and easy inhalation of warm steam via a steam-generating mask improves psychological relaxation and sleep.

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Periocular skin warming elevates the distal skin temperature without affecting the proximal or core body temperature

Cited by 9 publications

References 33 publications

A semi-randomized study determining the psychological and physical effects of three types of eye masks on adult women

A semi-randomized study determining the psychological and physical effects of three types of eye masks on adult women

Periocular Skin Warming Promotes Sleep Onset Through Heat Dissipation From Distal Skin in Patients With Insomnia Disorder

Warm Steam Inhalation before Bedtime Improved Sleep Quality in Adult Men

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