Periocular granuloma annulare

Orbital nodular-granuloma annulare in a juvenile diabetic

“…12 In the ophthalmic literature, clinically and pathologically, identical ocular lesions have been independently reported as pseudorheumatoid nodules 3,7-9,13 and granuloma annulare. [4][5][6] To describe these identical ocular lesions and to unify general pathological, dermatological and ophthalmic description, Burnstine et al proposed the term granuloma annulare-nodular type. 2 Granuloma annulare may occur as an isolated process, but a clear association has been found between granuloma annulare and insulin-dependent diabetes.…”

“…4,[7][8][9]13 Although Roa et al were probably the first to describe orbital involvement, their report lacked clinical information and the anatomical site was not clearly stated. 7 Floyd reported the first well-defined case of granuloma annulare in a healthy 8-year-old boy with recurrent redness, proptosis and swelling of the right lower lid simulating orbital cellulitis.…”

“…8 The youngest patient with orbital involvement reported was 2 years old presenting with non-tender right superotemporal orbital mass. 4 The orbital involvement is usually non-tender and may be associated with proptosis. 4,8,9,13 Orbital granuloma annulare can be associated with episcleral, peri-ocular and general cutaneous involvement.…”

“…4 The orbital involvement is usually non-tender and may be associated with proptosis. 4,8,9,13 Orbital granuloma annulare can be associated with episcleral, peri-ocular and general cutaneous involvement. 4,13 Clinically granuloma annulare may simulate lymphomas, leukaemia, orbital pseudo tumours and metastatic tumours and histological confirmation is essential.…”

“…[2][3][4][5][6][7] However orbital granuloma annulare is very rare. 2,4,8,9 Although an association between dermal granuloma annulare and diabetes has been documented, orbital granuloma annulare in insulin-dependent diabetes had not been reported previously. 10,11 We report a case of orbital, nodular-granuloma annulare occurring in a juvenile diabetic associated with a partial third nerve palsy.…”