Perinatal hepatitis B virus transmission in Lao PDR: A prospective cohort study

Latthaphasavang, Vatthanaphone; Vanhems, Philippe; Ngo‐Giang‐Huong, Nicole; Sibounlang, Philavanh; Paboriboune, Phimpha; Malato, Laurent; Keoluangkhot, Valy; Thammasack, Syvilay; Salvadori, Nicolas; Khamduang, Woottichai; Steenkeste, Nicolas; Trépo, Christian; Dény, Paul; Jourdain, Gonzague

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0215011

Cited by 13 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The presence of HBeAg in HBsAg-positive pregnant women is an indicator of active viral replication; it increases the risk of perinatal transmission of HBV. The proportion of women with HBeAg (23%) among HBsAg-positive women was similar to that reported in recent studies in Asia [ 28 – 30 ]. In Southeast Asia, over 30% of HBsAg-positive women between 20 and 39 years are presumed to be HBeAg carriers [ 31 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…The rates of using preventive measures such as BDV, HBIG immunization, and HBV vaccination observed in Haiphong are higher than those observed in neighboring countries [ 28 , 30 , 38 , 39 ] and around the world [ 8 , 40 , 41 ]. They are also higher compared to recent rates reported from other provinces in Vietnam [ 18 – 20 ] or from national estimates [ 40 , 42 , 43 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…If we consider a positive HBsAg at 12 months of age as a proxy of an infant HBV infection, the infection rate among infants born to HBeAg-positive mothers in our study is higher than the 7% to 11% reported from most recent studies [ 32 – 35 ]. Studies in neighboring countries or regions reported lower rates of transmission: 2% in Thailand [ 36 ], 4% in Laos [ 28 ], and 4.5% in Hong Kong [ 37 ]. The differences observed above can be explained by the fact that most of the infection rates in these countries came from clinical trials while our study results reflect the rates of infection in a real-life practice.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hepatitis B Infection and Mother-to-Child Transmission in Haiphong, Vietnam: A Cohort Study with Implications for Interventions

Khue

Linh

Hai³

et al. 2020

BioMed Research International

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Background. There is little data available on HBV infection and mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) in Vietnam. Objective. This study is aimed at assessing the prevalence of HBV infection and the current situation of MTCT in Haiphong, Vietnam. Methods. A transversal survey of 1721 pregnant women followed by an observational prospective cohort study of 183 HBV-infected women was conducted at Haiphong Gyneco-Obstetric Hospital. Women were followed up up to 12-month postpartum; use of prevention measures and the MTCT rate were evaluated. HBV infection in children was defined by a HBsAg-positive test at 12 months of age. Results. At baseline, 183 of 1721 pregnant women (10.6%) tested HBsAg positive. Among them, 23.0% were HBeAg positive, 26.2% had a detectable load of HBV DNA, and 13.1% had a HBV DNA load≥200,000 IU/mL. All women underwent MTCT prevention antiviral therapy. At delivery, 98.9% of newborns receive a HBV vaccine birth dose, and 82% received HBIG. At 12 months of age, 94.7% have received the scheduled HBV vaccines. Eight percent of infants born from followed-up women were HBsAg positive. The mother’s HBeAg-positive status was associated with a higher risk of HBV infection in infants. Conclusion. The HBV prevalence and MTCT rates are high in Haiphong. A strong national plan to increase the access to preventive measures and to monitor results is needed in order to decrease this prevalence.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hepatitis B Infection and Mother-to-Child Transmission in Haiphong, Vietnam: A Cohort Study with Implications for Interventions

Khue

Linh

Hai³

et al. 2020

BioMed Research International

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“…MTCT was investigated in a prospective-cohort study on HBsAg positive pregnant women and their new-borns from 2015-2017 in Vientiane Capital (30). HBV vaccination was provided for all new-borns according to the immunization schedule.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis B virus infection in the Lao PDR: A systematic review

Hefele

Nouanthong²,

Huebschen

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Introduction Even though hepatitis B is endemic in the Lao PDR, the understanding of the epidemiology of hepatitis B infection is incomplete. This article reviews the available literature about hepatitis B seroprevalence, risk factors and genotypes in the Lao population in order to provide an up-to date summary of the HBV epidemiology in the Lao PDR, identify knowledge gaps and provide public health recommendations. Methods Using PubMed/Medline and ScienceDirect, all studies reporting the prevalence of hepatitis B markers or genotype distribution in the Lao PDR published were systematically reviewed. Results The 21 studies included focused on the general population, blood donors, women, children, health care workers and garment factory workers. The studies varied extensively in sample size, target population, methods, study location and time periods. The prevalence of the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in blood donors was reported to be 8.7%-9.6% in 2003-2006. In the years 2011-2012, the reported HBsAg prevalence among women (including pregnant women) ranged from 0%-9.5% and among children aged 5-9 years from 1.7%-8.7%, depending on study location and age. The majority of strains characterized in Lao PDR belonged to genotypes B and C. Conclusion Studies displayed considerable heterogeneity in populations, design and laboratory methods. A high HBsAg prevalence was reported in adults including pregnant women. Low infant vaccination coverage and compromised vaccine immunogenicity were found. Only two studies focused on HBV in risk populations, emphasizing the need for further studies to characterize hepatitis B epidemiology in potentially vulnerable groups. Hepatitis B infection continues to represent a substantial public health threat in the Lao PDR and needs to be monitored to inform health authorities and to counteract over-burdening of the health care system. In order to end mother to child transmission, vaccination coverage with the hepatitis B birth dose should be increased.

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“…Isolate P3_D0 harbored the sM133I mutation of the "a" determinant of the HBs Ag MHR region. This mutation has been associated with HBV reactivation (Pei et al, 2014), mother-to-child HBV transmission despite vaccination (Latthaphasavang et al, 2019) and major antigenic changes in the HBs Ag (Ie et al, 2010).…”

Section: Mutations Detected Before Entecavir Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%