Performances on individual neurocognitive tests by people experiencing a current major depression episode: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Parkinson, William; Rehman, Yasir; Rathbone, Michel P.; Upadhye, Suneel

doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.07.036

Cited by 12 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…In addition, some norms are not standardized for regional conditions and could thus underestimate deficits ( 39 ). In addition, a recent meta study by Parkinson et al ( 40 ) argued that results in one domain may not reflect the effects on one test, thus precluding results from single tests.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive Impairment and Neurocognitive Profiles in Major Depression—A Clinical Perspective

2022

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Increasingly, studies have investigated cognitive functioning from the perspective of acute state- to remitted phases of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). Some cognitive deficits observed in the symptomatic phase persist in remission as traits or scars. The etiological origin and clinical consequences of the neurocognitive profiles reported in the literature are still unclear and may vary across populations. Deficits are suspected to influence the association between MDD and neurodegenerative disorders and could thus be of particular clinical consequence. The aim of this review is to describe the clinical neuropsychological profile in MDD and how it is related to research during the past decade on cognitive deficits in MDD from a state, trait, and scar perspective. This review, with a clinical perspective, investigates research from the past decade regarding cognitive functioning in MDD in a long-term perspective. We focus on the clinical manifestation of deficits, and the potential neurodegenerative consequences of the neurocognitive profile in MDD. Searches in Medline, PsycINFO and Embase were conducted targeting articles published between 2010 and 2020. Examination of the evidence for long-lasting neurocognitive deficits in major depression within the cognitive domains of Memory, Executive Functions, Attention, and Processing Speed was conducted and was interpreted in the context of the State, Scar and Trait hypotheses. Defining the neurocognitive profiles in MDD will have consequences for personalized evaluation and treatment of residual cognitive symptoms, and etiological understanding of mood disorders, and treatments could potentially reduce or delay the development of neurodegenerative disorders.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive Impairment and Neurocognitive Profiles in Major Depression—A Clinical Perspective

2022

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“…Depression is commonly accompanied by deficits in several cognitive domains 11 and higher age is a risk factor 12 . Up to half of individuals with LLD have cognitive impairment significantly greater than their age‐ and education‐matched peers 13 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain pathology and cognitive scores prior to onset of late‐life depression

Almdahl

Agartz

Hugdahl

et al. 2022

Int J Geriat Psychiatry

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Objectives: Understanding the biological changes that occur prior to onset of latelife depression (LLD) is key to its prevention. To investigate potential predictors of LLD, we assessed cognitive scores and neurodegenerative and vascular biomarkers in healthy older adults who later developed depression. Methods: Longitudinal data from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative of 241 cognitively unimpaired and non-depressed older adults aged 56-90 at baseline with at least 4 years of follow-up were included. Participants were classified based on whether they developed an incident depression (n = 96) or not (n = 145). Cognitive measures of memory, executive functioning, and language, and biomarkers proposed to be related to LLD: hippocampal volume, white matter hyperintensity volume (WMH), and cortical and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amyloid beta levels, were compared between the incident depression and the neverdepressed groups at four time points: at baseline, the visit prior to onset, at onset, and after the onset of depression.Results: In the incident depression group, there was a mild decline in cognitive scores from baseline to the visit before depression onset compared with the neverdepressed group. The cognitive differences between the groups became more marked after depression onset. Baseline cortical amyloid burden, CSF amyloid beta levels, and WMH were significant predictors of incident depression. Compared to the non-depressed group, hippocampal volume was not reduced before onset, but was reduced following depression.Conclusions: Amyloid pathology and WMH can predict future development of LLD in cognitively unimpaired individuals and may be involved in precipitating vulnerability for depression in older adults.

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“…Neurocognitive domains and neuropsychological tests: We focused on five major neurocognitive domains such as learning and memory, attention, executive functions, language, and visuospatial processing [25] , [26] . We further captured data on the subdomain [50] of each cognitive function such as inhibition and flexibility are subdomains of executive functions and pooled them separately according to the neuropsychological tests [51] , [52] . We included studies that used valid neuropsychological tests to measure cognitive functions.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We further captured data on the subdomain of each cognitive function such as working memory, inhibition and mental flexibility are subdomains of executive functions and pooled them separately according to the neuropsychological tests. If a test had subcomponents such as Trails Making Test (TMT) has two components TMT-A and TMT-B we pooled each component separately [51] , [52] . Also, if different tests seemed homogenous in measuring cognitive function, were also pooled for the analysis purposes.…”

Section: Analysis and Data Poolingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The extent of the neurocognitive impairment in elderly survivors of war suffering from PTSD: meta-analysis and literature review

Rehman

Zhang

et al. 2021

AIMS Neuroscience

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Objectives We performed a meta-analysis and systematic review on elderly survivors of war suffering from PTSD to estimate the variability in their cognitive impairment based on individual neuropsychological tests. Methods We included case control studies that explored the association of cognitive deficits in elderly PTSD civilian survivor of wars (age >60 years), using MEDLINE, Embase and PsycINFO from the inception to January 2018. We compared the cognitive performances in three comparisons i) PTSD+ vs. PTSD− civilian survivors of war; ii) PTSD+ vs. Control and iii) PTSD− vs. Control. The risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for case-control studies. Results Out of 2939 titles and abstracts, 13 studies were eligible for data extraction. As compared to PTSD− civilian survivors of war, PTSD+ civilian survivors of war demonstrated significant deficits on TMT-A, TMT-B, Digit span backward, explicit memory low pair associate, CVLT recognition, WAIS-verbal and non-verbal tests. As compared to health controls, PTSD+ survivors demonstrated significantly lower performance on explicit memory low pair and high associate, RAVLT immediate and delayed recall, CVLT delayed and short cued recall. Performance on the neuropsychological test between PTSD− survivors of war and controls was not significant for all tests. Conclusion The pattern suggests that PTSD+ survivors of war had poorer performance in tasks requiring processing speed, executive function, attention, working memory and learning. The magnitude of the cognitive deficits in our pooled analysis was small to moderate depending on the neuropsychological test. Most of our pooled analysis suffered from a high risk of bias, which lowered the confidence in our results.

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Performances on individual neurocognitive tests by people experiencing a current major depression episode: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Cited by 12 publications

References 41 publications

Cognitive Impairment and Neurocognitive Profiles in Major Depression—A Clinical Perspective

Cognitive Impairment and Neurocognitive Profiles in Major Depression—A Clinical Perspective

Brain pathology and cognitive scores prior to onset of late‐life depression

The extent of the neurocognitive impairment in elderly survivors of war suffering from PTSD: meta-analysis and literature review

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