Performance Synergies between Low-Temperature and High-Temperature Fischer−Tropsch Diesel Blends

Lamprecht, Delanie; Dancuart, Luis P.; Harrilall, Kaveer

doi:10.1021/ef0701283

Cited by 21 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…HFRR allows a better control of lubricity as it is a more severe test than SL-BOCLE, according to the results obtained in the present work. This is consistent with research on the standard diesel fuel, ,, severely hydrotreated fuel, and synthetic Fischer–Tropsch fuel …”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

HFRR and SL-BOCLE Lubricity of Paraffinic Diesel Fuels Considering Different Origins and Final Formulations with Biodiesels and Additives

et al. 2020

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The lubricant characteristics of different paraffinic diesel fuel formulations, including biodiesel and lubricity improvers, were tested and compared with the characteristics of conventional middle distillates. The procedures to evaluate the ability to avoid seizure were the high-frequency reciprocating rig (HFRR) and scuffing load ball on cylinder essay (SL-BOCLE) test. The paraffinic fuels selected for this work were as follows: gas to liquid from gas reforming, coal to liquid from coal gasification, and two hydrotreated vegetable oils (isomerized and nonisomerized). Other key variables were analyzed including the following: the blending of fatty acid methyl esters (0.05–7% v/v), the use of lubricity improvers (50–500 mg/kg), and product aging. The correlation between the HFRR and SL-BOCLE tests for paraffinic fuels was similar to conventional middle distillates, resulting in HFRR being a more severe test than SL-BOCLE. No sample of paraffinic diesel showed good lubricant behavior in HFRR tests and poor performance in SL-BOCLE tests. The sensitivity of both tests evaluated is different with respect to the lightest components because SL-BOCLE purges volatiles during initial bubbling. The results demonstrated the effectiveness of the HFRR test to certify diesel fuel lubricity, as it is more restrictive than the SL-BOCLE test. The results show that HFRR is sufficient to control the lubricity of paraffinic fuels and it is not necessary to incorporate SL-BOCLE as an additional test to control such properties.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

HFRR and SL-BOCLE Lubricity of Paraffinic Diesel Fuels Considering Different Origins and Final Formulations with Biodiesels and Additives

et al. 2020

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“…34 Some of the benefits of combining LTFT and HTFT distillates have been highlighted (Table 9.11). 35 These results show that the HTFT DHT diesel improves the density, volumetric heating value and viscosity of the FT diesel blends. On the other hand, LTFT diesel improves the cetane number and cold flow properties of the FT diesel blends.…”

Section: Diesel Fuel From Ltft Synthesismentioning

confidence: 71%

Commercial Products from Fischer–Tropsch Syncrude

2010

Catalysis in the Refining of Fischer-Tropsch Syncrude

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Various products made from Fischer-Tropsch syncrude were discussed in relation to catalysis in previous chapters. The discussions were organised based on catalysis and feed transformations, not products. This chapter provides an overview of the products that are produced in conjunction with FTS.Transportation fuels are the most important products from FTS. Usually several upgrading or refining steps are necessary before specifications of commercial products are attained. In addition to transportation fuels, related products and chemicals may be produced. High-quality lubricating base oil that is used for the preparation of lubricants may be prepared from waxy oil and wax. Various chemicals may be directly recovered and purified from the syncrude or co-produced from processes involved in syngas preparation. 1,2 There is a wide range of applications for the FT oxygenates, alkenes and nalkanes, which cover the spectrum from commodities to niche market applications. The aim of the chapter is to provide an overview in the context of catalysis and opportunities for catalysis to upgrade and refine Fischer-Tropsch syncrude and associated co-products. Transportation FuelsHigh-quality transportation fuels (motor gasoline, aviation fuels and diesel fuel) can be prepared from the gaseous and liquid streams obtained from FTS. The molecular properties of FT syncrude that influence the conversion into fuels the most are the alkene content, the oxygenate content and the linearity of the molecules.Differences in composition between Fischer-Tropsch syncrudes and conventional crude oils result in different challenges during refining to produce transportation fuels. Despite the high linear hydrocarbon content of syncrude,

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“…Superficially, this contention was supported by the observation that hydroprocessed sulfur-free Fischer-Tropsch distillates also had poor lubricity [27]. Superficially, this contention was supported by the observation that hydroprocessed sulfur-free Fischer-Tropsch distillates also had poor lubricity [27].…”

Section: Lubricitymentioning

confidence: 90%

Diesel Fuel

Klerk

2011

Fischer‐Tropsch Refining

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Diesel fuel refers to the fuel that is used in compression-ignition engines (diesel engines). It is generally material boiling in the C 11 -C 22 hydrocarbon range. The requirements for diesel fuel are often diametrically opposed to that of motor-gasoline (Chapter 13). In motor-gasoline, it is important to suppress autoignition of the fuel to allow spark ignition to be correctly timed for good engine performance. In diesel fuel, it is important that the fuel autoignites and that the delay between fuel injection and the start of combustion is short.Compression-ignition engines operate at high compression ratios, typically around 15-17 : 1. This improves the thermodynamic efficiency of the engine, and on average compression-ignition engines are more efficient than spark-ignition engines. The engine itself is heavier, and traditionally it has been applied mainly for heavier vehicles. This situation has changed and, despite the higher cost of compression-ignition engines as compared to spark-ignition engines, there has been a marked shift in preference for diesel-powered passenger vehicles in Europe. This change is partly due to an increase in environmental awareness. Better engine efficiency leads to lower fuel consumption and can be translated into less CO 2 emitted per distance traveled. The move to vehicles with lower rated emissions (in grams of CO 2 per kilometer) is supported by the policies of the European Union.This shift in transportation fuel preference for the passenger vehicle market had a marked impact on refineries. The hydrogen in a typical conventional crude oil refinery is obtained from catalytic naphtha reforming. As the demand for motor-gasoline decreases, the need for reformate also decreases, which in turn reduces hydrogen production. Yet, refining crude oil to diesel fuel requires more hydrogen than refining crude oil to motor-gasoline. In each refinery there is a minimum motor-gasoline to diesel fuel ratio beyond which refining becomes inefficient and costly. The shift toward diesel fuel has created an imbalance in refinery production and in practice this imbalance in Europe is corrected by exporting motor-gasoline and importing diesel fuel. In the long run, it will be interesting to see how this might affect diesel fuel specifications, which over time have made diesel fuel production more difficult.Diesel fuel, like motor-gasoline, is a major consumer product and exerts a tremendous influence on the economy and the environment. Diesel fuel specifications are consequently subject to technical, environmental, and political pressures (Section 13.1).Fischer-Tropsch Refining, First Edition. Arno de Klerk.

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Performance Synergies between Low-Temperature and High-Temperature Fischer−Tropsch Diesel Blends

Cited by 21 publications

References 9 publications

HFRR and SL-BOCLE Lubricity of Paraffinic Diesel Fuels Considering Different Origins and Final Formulations with Biodiesels and Additives

HFRR and SL-BOCLE Lubricity of Paraffinic Diesel Fuels Considering Different Origins and Final Formulations with Biodiesels and Additives

Commercial Products from Fischer–Tropsch Syncrude

Diesel Fuel

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