Performance prediction of proton exchange membrane fuel cell engine thermal management system using 1D and 3D integrating numerical simulation

Zhang, Qinguo; Xu, Liangfei; Li, Jianqiu; Ouyang, Minggao

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2017.10.088

Cited by 45 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Given above, it should not be neglected in the high reliability mathematical modeling [20]. In the engineering and academic community, the bench test [21], computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis [22,23], and 1D/3D co-simulation [24,25] are usually adopted to observe the flow field and heat exchange capacity in the engine compartment solving the thermal transmission enhancement problem [26]. Mao carried out the full-scale geometric model of the truck engine compartment.…”

Section: Underhood Multi-thermodynamic System Coupling Thermal Transmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Calculation Method of Model Predictive Control for Integrated Vehicle Thermal Management Based on Underhood Coupling Thermal Transmission

Gao

Liu

et al. 2019

Energies

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The nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) controller is designed for an engine cooling system and aims to control the pump speed and fan speed according to the thermal load, vehicle speed, and ambient temperature in real time with respect to the coolant temperature and comprehensive energy consumption of the system, which serve as the targets. The system control model is connected to the underhood computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model by the coupling thermal transmission equation. For the intricate thermal management process predictive control and system control performance analysis, a coupling multi-thermodynamic system nonlinear model for integrated vehicle thermal management was established. The concept of coupling factor was proposed to provide the boundary conditions considering the thermal transmission interaction of multiple heat exchangers for the radiator module. Using the coupling factor, the thermal flow influence of the structural characteristics in the engine compartment was described with the lumped parameter method, thereby simplifying the space geometric feature numerical calculation. In this way, the coupling between the multiple thermodynamic systems mathematical model and multidimensional nonlinear CFD model was realized, thereby achieving the simulation and analysis of the integrated thermal management multilevel cooperative control process based on the underhood structure design. The research results indicated an excellent capability of the method for integrated control analysis, which contributed to solving the design, analysis, and optimization problems for vehicle thermal management. Compared to the traditional engine cooling mode, the NMPC thermal management scheme clearly behaved the better temperature controlling effects and the lower system energy consumption. The controller could further improve efficiency with reasonable coordination of the convective thermal transfer intensity between the liquid and air sides. In addition, the thermal transfer structures in the engine compartment could also be optimized.

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Section: Underhood Multi-thermodynamic System Coupling Thermal Transmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Calculation Method of Model Predictive Control for Integrated Vehicle Thermal Management Based on Underhood Coupling Thermal Transmission

Gao

Liu

et al. 2019

Energies

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“…As to PEMFCs, the internal heat balance is significant for efficiency optimization, life, and operational safety. 6 The biggest challenge in PEMFCs is the heat generation being approximately half of the output power of the PEMFCs. 7 All the waste heat almost has to be removed by the coolant in the PEMFCs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical investigation on the temperature distribution inside the engine compartment of a fuel cell vehicle with nanofluids as coolant

Tao

Chen

et al. 2021

Int J Energy Res

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Proton exchange membrane fuel cells have a development prospect to replace the internal combustion engines due to their sustainability and environmental friendliness. However, one of the challenges is the requirement of heat removal from fuel cell engines and keep operation at relatively low temperatures (ie,~60 C-80 C). In the current research, the thermal performance of zinc oxide (ZnO) and boron nitride (BN) nanofluids is investigated by numerical simulation inside the engine compartment for a fuel cell vehicle. The maximum heat transfer rate was obtained by theoretical calculation and onedimensional simulation. The results revealed that the maximum heat transfer rate for ZnO nanofluids and BN nanofluids had increased by 7.6% and 2.0% than 50% water and ethylene glycol (WEG), respectively. Compared to 50% WEG, the energy consumption of the pump and fan could be further reduced with the nanofluids as a coolant. The influence on the temperature field and flow field inside the engine compartment of fuel cell vehicle is revealed with nanofluids by computational fluid dynamic. The results could provide data for the manufacturers to use nanofluids as a coolant to optimize the structure arrangement inside the engine compartment of fuel cell vehicle.

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“…The research on the influencing factors of PEMFC performance has always been a hot spot [6][7][8]. Abdallah et al [9] obtained the optimal design parameters of PEMFC, which enables the best performance by comparing the power density curves of 30 kinds of cross-sectional flow channels under the same conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Sensitivity to Evaluate the Impact of Operating Parameters on Stability and Performance in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

Pan

Liao

et al. 2021

Energies

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As a highly nonlinear system, the performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is controlled by various parameters. If the effects of all parameters are considered during the performance optimization, low working efficiency and waste of resources will be caused. The development of sensitivity analysis for parameters can not only exclude the parameters which have slight effects on the system, but also provide the reasonable setting ranges of boundary values for simulation of performance optimization. Therefore, sensitivity analysis of parameters is considered as one of the methods to optimize the fuel cell performance. According to the actual operating conditions of PEMFC, the fluctuation ranges of seven sets of parameters affecting the output performance of PEMFC are determined, namely cell operating temperature, anode/cathode temperature, anode/cathode pressure, and anode/cathode mass flow rate. Then, the control variable method is used to qualitatively analyze the sensitivity of main parameters and combines with the Monte Carlo method to obtain the sensitivity indexes of the insensitive parameters under the specified current density. The results indicate that among these parameters, the working temperature of the fuel cell is the most sensitive to the output performance under all working conditions, whereas the inlet temperature is the least sensitive within the range of deviation. Moreover, the cloud maps of water content distribution under the fluctuation of three more sensitive parameters are compared; the results verify the simulated data and further reveal the reasons for performance changes. The workload of PEMFC performance optimization will be reduced based on the obtained results.

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Performance prediction of proton exchange membrane fuel cell engine thermal management system using 1D and 3D integrating numerical simulation

Cited by 45 publications

References 33 publications

Numerical Calculation Method of Model Predictive Control for Integrated Vehicle Thermal Management Based on Underhood Coupling Thermal Transmission

Numerical Calculation Method of Model Predictive Control for Integrated Vehicle Thermal Management Based on Underhood Coupling Thermal Transmission

Numerical investigation on the temperature distribution inside the engine compartment of a fuel cell vehicle with nanofluids as coolant

Assessment of Sensitivity to Evaluate the Impact of Operating Parameters on Stability and Performance in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

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