Performance of functionally graded implants of polylactides and calcium phosphate/calcium carbonate in an ovine model for computer assisted craniectomy and cranioplasty

Mandibular bone repair by implantation of rhBMP-2 in a slow release carrier of polylactic acid—An experimental study in rats

“…They can reflect Nevertheless, further engineering of the PLA carrier will be desirable to avoid interferences with carrier degradation. Addition of neutralizing components such as calcium carbonates and / or calcium phosphates can help to buffer the acidic degradation products occurring during resorption [43,44] and further reduce the amount of BMP required to induce bone formation that is maintained over longer periods.…”

Resorbable Dicalcium Phosphate Bone Substitutes Prepared by 3D Powder Printing

“…Low temperature rapid prototyping of calcium phosphate implants is currently limited to indirect procedures using negative wax patterns for cement infiltration [15] or individual moulds for hot-pressing and gasfoaming of polylactid acid/amorphous calcium phosphate/calcite composites. [16] Bioceramic bone substitutes with programmed architecture were manufactured at room temperature in this study using a novel 3D printing process that combined 3D powder printing with calcium phosphate cement chemistry. During printing, biphasic a/b-tricalcium phosphate (Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 , TCP) powder reacted with a liquid component consisting of phosphoric acid solution to form a matrix of dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (CaHPO 4 ·H 2 O, DCPD, brushite) and unreacted TCP.…”

Medical Applications

“…Another study revealed that particles smaller than 2 mm released by degradation have caused a foreign body reaction resulting in detrimental effects in bone tissue [10]. Some research has been targeted at attempting to neutralize the acidic degradation products by adding agents such as calcium carbonates and/or calcium phosphates to the PLLA implants [11,12].…”