Performance of Carassius auratus with different food strategies in water recirculation system

Abstract

SUMMARYThe efficiency of a recirculation system for the cultivation of C. auratus, fed with natural and artificial diets was evaluated. The experiment consisted of four treatments with four replicates. The first two treatments used recirculation system and the last two static system. In the first and fourth treatment, animals were fed with brine shrimp biomass (50% CP), while in the second and third treatments a commercial flake ration (42% CP) was used. At the end of cultivation (60 days), water samples were taken from all experimental units and subjected to standard plate count for determining the density of mesophilic bacteria. Final weight (g), final length (cm), specific growth rate (% day -1 ) and weight gain (%) were significantly different (p<0.05) among tested diets, but the culture systems did not affect fish performance. There was significant difference (p<0.05) between systems for total ammonia and nitrite. Animals fed with brine shrimp biomass acquired more intense and brighter colors than those fed only with commercial flake food. The values of standard plate count of mesophilic bacteria ranged from 7.0 × 10 3 to 1.1 × 10 4 CFU.ml -1 . In this study we observed that C. auratus is a species tolerant to adverse water conditions, perhaps with increased stock densities, the recirculation system could play some positive role on the zootechnical performance of cultured animals. RESUMOA eficiência de um sistema de recirculação para o cultivo de C. auratus, alimentados com dieta natural e artificial foi avaliada. O experimento consistiu de quatro tratamentos com quatro repetições. Os dois primeiros tratamentos utilizaram sistemas de recirculação e os dois últimos sistemas estáticos. No primeiro e quarto tratamento, os animais foram alimentados com biomassa de artêmia (PB 50%), enquanto nos tratamentos dois e três, com ração comercial em flocos (42% PB). Ao final do cultivo (60 dias), amostras de água foram coletadas em todas as unidades experimentais e submetidos a contagem padrão em placas para determinação da densidade de bactérias mesófilas. O peso final (g), comprimento final (cm), taxa de crescimento especí-fico (% dia -1 ) e ganho de peso (%) foram significativamente diferentes (p<0,05) entre as dietas testadas, mas os sistemas de cultivo não afetaram o desempenho dos peixes. Houve diferença significativa (p<0,05) entre os sistemas para os níveis de amônia total e nitrito. Os animais alimentados com biomassa artêmia adquiriram cor e brilho mais intensos do que aqueles alimentados apenas com ração comercial em flocos. Os valores de contagem padrão em placas de bactérias mesófilas variaram de 7,0 × 10 3 para 1,1 × 10 4 CFU.ml -1 . Neste estudo, observou-se que C. auratus é uma espécie tolerante a condições adversas de água, talvez com maior densidade de estocagem, o sistema de recirculação poderia desempenhar papel positivo sobre o desempenho zootécnico dos animais cultivados.

Effects of dietary antioxidant of tomato extract and lycopene on Carassius auratus and Xiphophorus maculatus

“…Wallat et al (18) used six different commercial diets supplemented with different carotenoids and showed they have a variable effect on skin color and the growth of juveniles of Oranda of C. auratus. Moreira et al (19) reported that in feeding treatments with Artemia and comercial feed in flakes in a circulation system and another with a static system, they found significant differences in growth (weight and size) in animals fed with Artemia (at 60 days). Also, they mentioned that the animals that received Artemia had improved pigmentation, although they did not offer any data on this last point.…”

“…Wallat et al (18) utilizaron seis dietas comerciales diferentes suplementadas con diferentes carotenoides y demostraron que tienen un efecto muy variable en la coloración de la piel y el crecimiento de juveniles de la variedad de Oranda de C. auratus. Moreira et al (19) reportan que bajo tratamientos alimenticios con Artemia y alimento comercial en hojuelas y bajo un sistema de recirculación y otro estático, encontraron diferencias significativas en crecimiento (peso y talla) en los animales alimentados con Artemia (a los 60 días). También, mencionan que los organismos que recibieron Artemia incrementaron su pigmentación, aunque no ofrecen dato alguno sobre esto último.…”

Post-larval Colossoma macropomum (Characiformes, Serrasalmidae) show better performance in excavated than concrete tanks under different feeding strategies

“…In the excavated tanks, the combination of natural feeding with the fish-food provided better fish development, on average. Several authors have obtained better performance for post-larval fish through the combination of natural and artificial diets (Feiden, Hayashi, & Boscolo, 2006;Meurer, Boscolo, Hayashi, & Wolf, 2008;Moreira et al, 2011;Pedreira et al, 2015;Caldini, Cavalcante, Rocha Filho, & Carmo e Sá, 2015), and satisfactory results with the use of organic and/or inorganic fertilization to increase natural food in the tanks (Azim & Little, 2006;Sipaúba-Tavares & Braga, 2007). In both evaluated environments, the lowest means for the productive performance variables were obtained in the treatments with only fish-food, evidencing post-larvae's low capacity to assimilate the fish-food offered.…”

Accumulation of C-CTX1 in Muscle Tissue of Goldfish (Carassius auratus) by Dietary Experience

“…Goldfish originally from Asia is a resistant, omnivorous, and brightly colored species, frequently used as ornamental fish kept in domestic tanks [ 36 , 37 ]. This species can resist cold temperatures (close to 2 °C) and hypoxic conditions, also can tolerate brackish water [ 38 ].…”