Performance Characteristics of Dipstick and Microscopic Urinalysis for Diagnosis of
Urinary Tract Infection

Memişoğulları, Ramazan; Yüksel, Hatice; Yıldırım, Hayriye Ak; Yavuz, Özlem

doi:10.29333/ejgm/82846

Cited by 24 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 7 publications

(5 reference statements)

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“…The false-negative results may have two explanations: the first one is that not all the bacteria are capable of converting nitrate into nitrite; nevertheless, the Gram-negative, which are the main ones responsible for UTI, have this capacity (Morgan & McKenzie 1993, Strasinger 1998, Memişoğullari et al 2010; the second explanation is that the reaction depends on the urinary stasis in the bladder for a minimum period of time of four hours (Almond & Stevens 1995); therefore, these sows may have urinated within an interval of time shorter than four hours.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hiraoka et al (1995) set out to assess the usefulness of the microscopic examination of the urine for diagnosing UTI in human and obtained 91% sensitivity and 98% specificity for detecting bacteriuria. Memişoğullari et al (2010) evaluated 250 human urine samples in order to compare the results obtained by the reagent strip with the microscopic examination of the urine and computed the performance characteristics of those tests. The sensitivity and the specificity of the microscopic examination of the urine were 91% and 68%, while in the reagent strip they were 80% and 60% respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Precisão da tira reagente e do exame microscópico da urina no diagnóstico de infecções do trato urinário em porcas

et al. 2013

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ABSTRACT.-Mazutti K., Locatelli-Dittrich R., Lunardon I., Kuchiishi S.S., Lara A.C., Zotti E. & Alberton G.C. 2013. Evaluation of the reagent test strips and microscopic examination of urine in the diagnosis of urinary tract infection in sows. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 33(9):1103-1108. Curso de Medicina Veterinária, Escola de Ciências Agrárias e Medicina Veterinária, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Campus Curitiba, Rua Imaculada Conceição 1155, Prado Velho, Curitiba, PR 80215-901, Brazil. E-mail: kelly.mazutti@pucpr.brThe diagnosis of the urinary tract infection (UTI) in sows is usually performed by using reagent test strips, since it is a fast and practical method, and capable of being done at the farm. The microscopic examination of the urine is rarely used at the farm since it is a more time consuming and difficult technique. However, there are no studies on the accuracy of those two techniques for the UTI diagnosis on this species. This study aims to assess the accuracy of the reagent test strip and the urine microscopic examination in the diagnosis of ITU in sows, comparing them with the bacteriological examination of urine. In order to select the sows for this study, a chemical reagent test strip was carried out previously and a total of 139 sows were selected, 66 sows of which showed positivity to nitrite in the reagent test strip and 73 without nitrituria. Then, the next day, a new sample collection for performing a complete urinalysis was carried out from those 139 sows, which included physical, chemical, microscopic and microbiological examination of these urine samples. The results revealed that the nitrite test of the reagent strip showed 100% of specificity and 93% of sensitivity. The specificity of the microscopic examination for bacteriuria was 82% and the sensitivity was 100%. The UTI diagnosis by using reagent strips and/or the urine sediment test is reliable if compared to the urine bacteriological examination, which makes possible the rapid diagnosis of UTI in sows at the farm. RESUMO.-[Precisão da tira reagente e do exame microscópico da urina no diagnóstico de infecções do trato urinário em porcas.] O diagnóstico de infecção do trato urinário (ITU) em porcas geralmente é feito com o auxílio de tiras reagentes, por ser um método rápido, prático e passível de ser realizado na própria granja. O exame microscópico da urina raramente é utilizado em granjas por ser uma técnica mais demorada e trabalhosa. No entanto, não existem estudos sobre a precisão destas duas técni-cas no diagnóstico de ITU nesta espécie. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a precisão da tira reagente e do exame microscópico da urina no diagnóstico de ITU em porcas, comparando-os com o exame bacteriológico da urina. Para selecionar as porcas que iriam compor o estudo foi realizado um exame químico prévio com tira reagente, do qual foram selecionadas 139 porcas, 66 positivas para nitrito na tira reagente e 73 negativas. No dia seguinte foi realizada uma nova coleta de urina destas 139 porcas para realização d...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Precisão da tira reagente e do exame microscópico da urina no diagnóstico de infecções do trato urinário em porcas

et al. 2013

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“…The results of the 3 methods were evaluated and categorized on the basis of clinical decision. For example, for glucose the numerical categorization was made as: negative (0), trace ( 1 ), one-positive ( 2 ), two-positive ( 3 ) and three-positive ( 4 ). The McNemar’s test was used for the comparison of the two automated analyzers in respect of the results affecting clinical decision.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Urine is a critical health indicator for urinary tract infections, kidney disease and diabetes, which do not exhibit symptoms in early but treatable stages and can result in severe damage if they remain undiagnosed ( 1 - 4 ). The drive towards fully-automated systems for urinalysis has generally been caused by the need to shorten the turnaround time (TAT) and by the increased number of daily samples ( 5 , 6 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Cobas 6500 and Iris IQ200 fully-automated urine analyzers to manual urine microscopy

et al. 2016

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IntroductionUrine screening is achieved by either automated or manual microscopic analysis. The aim of the study was to compare Cobas 6500 and Iris IQ200 urine analyzers, and manual urine microscopic analysis.Materials and methodsA total of 540 urine samples sent to the laboratory for chemical and sediment analysis were analyzed on Cobas 6500 and Iris IQ200 within 1 hour from sampling. One hundred and fifty three samples were found to have pathological sediment results and were subjected to manual microscopic analysis performed by laboratory staff blinded to the study. Spearman’s and Gamma statistics were used for correlation analyses, and the McNemar test for the comparison of the two automated analyzers.ResultsThe comparison of Cobas u701 to the manual method yielded the following regression equations: y = - 0.12 (95% CI: - 1.09 to 0.67) + 0.78 (95% CI: 0.65 to 0.95) x for WBC and y = 0.06 (95% CI: - 0.09 to 0.25) + 0.66 (95% CI: 0.57 to 0.73) x for RBC. The comparison of IQ200 Elite to manual method the following equations: y = 0.03 (95% CI: - 1.00 to 1.00) + 0.88 (95% CI: 0.66 to 1.00) x for WBC and y = - 0.22 (95% CI: - 0.80 to 0.20) + 0.40 (95% CI: 0.32 to 0.50) x for RBC. IQ200 Elite compared to Cobas u701 yielded the following equations: y = - 0.95 (95% CI: - 2.13 to 0.11) + 1.25 (95% CI: 1.08 to 1.44) x for WBC and y = - 1.20 (95% CI: - 1.80 to -0.30) + 0. 80 (95% CI: 0.55 to 1.00) x for RBC.ConclusionsThe two analyzers showed similar performances and good compatibility to manual microscopy. However, they are still inadequate in the determination of WBC, RBC, and EC in highly-pathological samples. Thus, conﬁrmation by manual microscopic analysis may be useful.

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“…of UTI is important to prevent long-term complications. Additionally, urine culture test is expensive and causes delay of treatment [5]. Because of all these causes, a fast, easy, reliable, practicable and sensitive screening test is needed to begin treatment or rule out UTI as early as possible [3,6].…”

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confidence: 99%

How accurate is the urine dipstick test for diagnosing urinary tract infection?

Hataysal

Saraçlıgil

Dagi

et al. 2019

The European Research Journal

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Objectives: Urine dipstick is the first step laboratory test to diagnose a urinary tract infection (UTI) which is a common infectious disease diagnosed in the laboratories. Early treatment of UTI is very important in order to prevent long-term complications. The gold standard to diagnose UTI is urine culture so there are a number of unnecessary urine culture requests. However, urine culture results are not available earlier than 24-36 hours. Besides, urine culture is expensive and causes time-consuming of treatment. Our aim in this study was to compare urine leukocyte esterase test and nitrite test of urine dipstick with urine culture to determinate the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV). Methods: Urine culture results and urine dipstick test results of patients who admitted to Selçuk University Hospital between May 2016 and May 2017 were collected retrospectively. The study included 11.169 patients and 3299 of them have positive urine cultures. Results: In total, 3299 (29.5%) patients have positive urine culture. Out of these culture positive samples, positive dipstick results' ratios for leukocyte esterase and nitrite were 82.8% (n = 2733) and 22.4% (n = 774). Leukocyte esterase had 82.8% sensitivity and 68.1% specificity, with PPVs and NPVs of 52.1% and 90.5%, respectively. Conclusions: The NPVs are found significantly higher than PPVs and it shows that urinary dipstick is more reliable to exclude disease than to diagnose the disease. Clinicians should not order urine culture from all patients without ant clinic signs.

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Performance Characteristics of Dipstick and Microscopic Urinalysis for Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Infection

Abstract: Aim

Cited by 24 publications

References 7 publications

Precisão da tira reagente e do exame microscópico da urina no diagnóstico de infecções do trato urinário em porcas

Precisão da tira reagente e do exame microscópico da urina no diagnóstico de infecções do trato urinário em porcas

Comparison of Cobas 6500 and Iris IQ200 fully-automated urine analyzers to manual urine microscopy

How accurate is the urine dipstick test for diagnosing urinary tract infection?

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