Performance Assessment of Four Different Photovoltaic Technologies in Poland

Zdyb, Agata; Gulkowski, S.

doi:10.3390/en13010196

Cited by 51 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…On the domestic market there are representatives of many companies specialising in solar collectors. These systems differ in quality, technical specification, price and efficiency [28]. The system selected for this particular analysis is a system with two flat-plate collector panels of the collector area of 6.5 m 2 and the final price of 4,500 EUR.…”

Section: = • •mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Profitability of Using Solar Collectors in Single-Family Housing Industry - The Case of Poland

Niekurzak

Kubińska-Jabcoń

2021

Preprint

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Background: The growing consumption is what drives the development of unsustainable energy and material-intensive production technologies that emit large quantities of pollutants into the atmosphere, water and land. Obtaining green energy allows to reduce the interference with the environment and, consequently, fits into a sustainable energy development strategy. In order to achieve the emission targets set by the EU for Poland, it is necessary to prioritise the development of Renewable Energy Sources technologies within the energy sector.Methods: The purpose of the study is to present the results of the research relating to the profitability of solar collectors investment for single-family houses in Poland. The research was presented on the basis of the legal conditions applicable to micro installations in the light of the amendment of the RES Act and the impact of these amendments on the aspects of the profitability of such investment was determined. Results: On the basis of the constructed economic model used to assess the profitability of increasing the area of solar collectors, it has been shown that an operating installation will bring measurable economic benefits in the form of reduction in the amount of energy purchased from the current supplier and environmental benefits in the form of reduction of carbon dioxide emissions to the atmosphere. The obtained results have been generalised, which allows to use them in the process of selecting the size of collector area for similar installations. Conclusion: The cost-effectiveness analysis carried out in respect of a detached house allowed to demonstrate that this project is fully justified. Furthermore, pursuant to the Renewable Energy Sources Act in force in Poland, treating a small entrepreneur as a prosumer who may generally take advantage of favourable conditions for discounting the produced energy leads to very favourable possibilities of settling electricity. Considering an entrepreneur as a prosumer who may use one-off depreciation of a solar collectors installation as a fixed asset and request for VAT refund is what makes such an investment very attractive in financial terms and makes it difficult to find a safe investment alternative characterised by such a high rate of return.

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confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Profitability of Using Solar Collectors in Single-Family Housing Industry - The Case of Poland

Niekurzak

Kubińska-Jabcoń

2021

Preprint

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“…However, copper indium gallium diselenide (CIGS) thin film technology becomes a promising alternative to silicon photovoltaics due to tunable band gap, high absorption coefficient, minimum material usage and relatively low temperature coefficients [3,4]. It is noteworthy that the last feature has been proved by our previous performance studies of different technology PV systems [5,6]. Among other thin-film technologies, CIGS is characterized by the best laboratory (23.4%) and module (19.2%) efficiency [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

RF/DC Magnetron Sputtering Deposition of Thin Layers for Solar Cell Fabrication

Gulkowski

Krawczak

2020

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Thin film Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS)-based solar cells with relatively high efficiency and low material usage might become a promising alternative for crystalline silicon technology. The most challenging task nowadays is to decrease the PV module fabrication costs by application of easily scalable industrial process. One of the possible solutions is the usage of magnetron sputtering system for deposition of all structures applied in CIGS-based photovoltaic device. The main object of these studies was fabrication and characterization of thin films deposited by sputtering technique. Structural and electrical properties of the sputtered films were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRD), and four-point probe resistivity measurements. The presented findings revealed technological parameters for which sheet resistance of molybdenum (Mo) back contact decreased up to 0.3 Ω/□ and to even 0.08 Ω/□ in case of aluminum layer. EDS analysis provided evidence for the appropriate stoichiometry of CIGS absorber (with CGI and GGI equal to 0.96 and 0.2, respectively). XRD characterization confirmed high-quality chalcopyrite polycrystalline structure of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 film fabricated at relatively low substrate temperature of 400 °C. Characteristic XRD peaks of hexagonal-oriented structures of sputtered CdS and i-ZnO layers were noticed.

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“…The efficiency of this conversion is the most important factor determining the efficiency of the cells. Currently, manufacturers in the photovoltaic industry have the task of lowering the price of solar cells and increasing their efficiency [5][6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Substrate Type and Dose of Implanted Ions on the Electrical Parameters of Silicon in Terms of Improving the Efficiency of Photovoltaic Cells

et al. 2020

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The main goal of this work was to conduct a comparative analysis of the electrical properties of the silicon implanted with neon ions, depending on the dose of ions and the type of substrate doping, for the possibility of generating additional energy levels by ion implantation in terms of improving the efficiency of photovoltaic cells made on its basis. The article presents the results of research on the capacitance and conductance of silicon samples doped with boron and phosphorus, the structure of which was modified in the implantation process with Ne+ ions with energy E = 100 keV and different doses. The analysis of changes in electrical properties recorded at the annealing temperature of the samples Ta = 298 K, 473 K, 598 K, 673 K, and 873 K, concerned the influence of the test temperature in the range from 203 K to 373 K, as well as the frequency f from 100 Hz to 10 MHz, and voltage U from 0.25 V to 2 V. It was possible to detect intermediate bands in the tested samples and determine their position in the band gap by estimating the activation energy value. By means of implantation, it is possible to modify the width of the silicon energy gap, the value of which directly affects the efficiency of the photovoltaic cell made on its basis. By introducing appropriate defects into the silicon crystal lattice, contributing to a change in the value of the energy gap Eg, it is possible to increase the efficiency of the solar cell. On the basis of the obtained results, it can be seen that the highest activation energies are achieved for samples doped with phosphorus.

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Performance Assessment of Four Different Photovoltaic Technologies in Poland

Cited by 51 publications

References 44 publications

Evaluation of the Profitability of Using Solar Collectors in Single-Family Housing Industry - The Case of Poland

Evaluation of the Profitability of Using Solar Collectors in Single-Family Housing Industry - The Case of Poland

RF/DC Magnetron Sputtering Deposition of Thin Layers for Solar Cell Fabrication

Influence of Substrate Type and Dose of Implanted Ions on the Electrical Parameters of Silicon in Terms of Improving the Efficiency of Photovoltaic Cells

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