Performance and Emission Characteristic Analysis of a Gasoline Engine Utilizing Different Types of Alternative Fuels: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Gasoline is a liquid composed of hydrocarbons, refined from crude petroleum, and characterized by a boiling point. It is difficult to regularly refine these oils, and their scarcity in natural resources makes it problematic to refine them. Gasoline engines produce fewer toxic emissions, like NO x , CO, and CO 2 . On the basis of economical and natural concerns, gasoline can be put back by many alternative fuels. It can be powered by alternative energy sources, like hydrogen, natural gas, ethanol, acetylene, propane, biogas, etc. The performance of these types of fuels in an internal combustion engine is very charming and appropriate for nature. Hydrogen is sustainable, and the amount of energy necessary to create hydrogen is small. Hydrogen engines are more prominent at approximately 30% compared to gasoline engines in terms of direct injection. Ethanol causes 80% less CO emissions after it has been properly blended with gasoline. Natural gas fueling stations are expanding in popularity. After the natural gas percentage is increased in the fuel, high efficiency is achieved at a sustainable performance in the 0.7−0.9 equivalent ratio. (G + 1000 g/h acetylene) has a higher brake thermal efficiency (G + 500 g/ h acetylene). These vehicles, after all, have seen considerable increases in terms of fuel economy, total performance, and substantially reduced emission standards. This study aims to compare various alternative fuels with gasoline by analyzing their availability, engine tests, toxic element emissions, price, etc. Furthermore, a selection criterion for alternative fuel is given in various measuring scales that will be helpful for choosing alternative fuels because fossil fuels are running out.

Comprehensive analysis of the combustion of low carbon fuels (hydrogen, methane and coke oven gas) in a spark ignition engine through CFD modeling

“…Nevertheless, NOx emissions and a higher tendency to abnormal combustion limit the air-fuel mixture richness, and therefore, the power generation [10,11]. On the other side, CH 4 has a good knocking resistance with rich airfuel mixtures, providing higher power performance at stoichiometric ratios, and reducing pollutant emissions with respect to conventional fuels [12][13][14][15]. In order to combine the advantages of both fuels, mixtures of CH 4 and H 2 have been widely studied in literature [16][17][18][19].…”

Inflammatory and proapoptotic effects of inhaling gasoline fumes on the lung and ameliorative effects of fenugreek seeds

“…Increasing concern has been directed to environmental safety and health hazards by providing unleaded RON 95 gasoline, but leaded RON 80 gasoline is still used in a broad category 1 , 2 . This type of gasoline contains noxious volatile organic compounds (VOCs), such as benzene, xylene, and toluene, that blend with harmful heavy metal additives, especially tetraethyllead compounds 3 . Benzene is known to have negative impacts on the hematopoietic system, and most occupational studies related this to the cytotoxic interactions of compounds, especially benzene with the bone marrow 2 , 4 .…”

3D CFD simulation of a gaseous fuel injection in a hydrogen-fueled internal combustion engine

“…Conversely, H2ICEs can take advantage of the current ICEs manufacturing infrastructure to be mass-produced on budget resources. Furthermore, several studies show that advanced H2ICE powered vehicles can outperform gasoline ones [2,8]. For these reasons, H2ICEs are seen as a bridging technology that will help to accelerate the development of H2-based infrastructures.…”