Performance analysis of a Kalina cycle for a central receiver solar thermal power plant with direct steam generation

Modi, Anish; Haglind, Fredrik

doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2014.01.010

Cited by 68 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The cold medium is the ammonia-water mixture with an ammonia mass fraction, inlet temperature, and pressure of 0.7, 25 • C and 40 bar, respectively. The pinch point temperature difference is 15 K, and the approach temperature difference (hot fluid inlet, cold fluid outlet) is 20 K. The ammonia mass fraction and pressure are varied from 0.5 to 0.9 and from 40 to 100 bar, respectively, which are typical inlet conditions of the boiler in Kalina cycles [12,31,32]. …”

Section: Hrb Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, the two cases represent boilers with either poor or good heat transfer characteristics on the secondary side. The boiler is usually the largest component in the Kalina cycle, taking up about half of the total surface area [9] and destroying the most exergy [12]. In contrast to the work by Thorin [9], several transport property estimation methods will be analyzed by simulating each possible combination individually, and a suitable two-phase heat transfer correlation will be used instead of the fixed constant coefficient assumption by Thorin [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Assessment of Transport Property Estimation Methods for Ammonia–Water Mixtures and Their Influence on Heat Exchanger Size

et al. 2015

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Transport properties of fluids are indispensable for heat exchanger design. The methods for estimating the transport properties of ammonia-water mixtures are not well established in the literature. The few existent methods are developed from none or limited, sometimes inconsistent experimental data sets, conducted for the liquid phase only. These data sets are usually confined to low concentrations and temperatures, which are much less than those occurring in Kalina cycle boilers. This paper presents a comparison of various methods used to estimate the viscosity and the thermal conductivity of ammonia-water mixtures. Firstly, the different methods are introduced and compared at various temperatures and pressures. Secondly, their individual influence on the required heat exchanger size (surface area) is investigated. For this purpose, two case studies related to the use of the Kalina cycle are considered: a flue-gas-based heat recovery boiler for a combined cycle power plant and a hot-oil-based boiler for a solar thermal power plant.The different transport property methods resulted in larger differences at high pressures and temperatures, and a possible discontinuous first derivative, when using the interpolative methods in contrast to the corresponding state methods. Nevertheless, all possible mixture transport property combinations used herein resulted in a heat exchanger size within 4.3 % difference for the flue-gas heat recovery boiler, and within 12.3 % difference for the oil-based boiler.

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Section: Hrb Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Assessment of Transport Property Estimation Methods for Ammonia–Water Mixtures and Their Influence on Heat Exchanger Size

et al. 2015

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“…Bombarda et al [11] compared the performance of a Kalina cycle, with the separator located at an intermediate pressure level, and an ORC for utilization of diesel engine waste heat at 346 • C. They found that the two cycles produced similar power outputs, while the pressure in the Kalina cycle was significantly higher than in the ORC. Modi and Haglind [12,13] optimized four Kalina cycles for utilization of concentrated solar energy (expander inlet temperature over 450 • C). They found that the cycle layout with the most recuperators obtained the highest cycle efficiency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and optimization of a novel organic Rankine cycle with improved boiling process

Andreasen¹,

Larsen

Knudsen³

et al. 2015

Energy

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In this paper we present a novel organic Rankine cycle layout, named the organic splitcycle, designed for utilization of low grade heat. The cycle is developed by implementing a simplified version of the split evaporation concept from the Kalina split-cycle in the organic Rankine cycle in order to improve the boiling process. Optimizations are carried out for eight hydrocarbon mixtures for hot fluid inlet temperatures at 120 • C and 90 • C, using a genetic algorithm to determine the cycle conditions for which the net power output is maximized. The most promising mixture is an isobutane/pentane mixture which, for the 90 • C hot fluid inlet temperature case, achieves a 14.5 % higher net power output than an optimized organic Rankine cycle using the same mixture. Two parameter studies suggest that optimum conditions for the organic split-cycle are when the temperature profile allows the minimum pinch point temperature difference to be reached at two locations in the boiler. Compared to the transcritical organic Rankine cycle, the organic split-cycle improves the boiling process without an entailing increase in the boiler pressure, thus enabling an efficient low grade heat to power conversion at low boiler pressures.

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“…Since its , for waste heat recovery [4][5][6][7], for exhaust heat recovery in a gas turbine modular helium reactor [8], in combined heat and power plants [9,10], coupled with a coal-fired steam power plant for exhaust heat recovery [11], as a part of Brayton-Rankine-Kalina triple cycle [12], and in solar power plants [13,14]. For high temperature applications, the Kalina cycles have been investigated to be used as gas turbine bottoming cycles [15][16][17][18], for industrial 15 waste heat recovery, biomass based cogeneration and gas engine waste heat recovery [19], for direct-fired cogeneration applications [20], and in concentrating solar power (CSP) plants [21,22]. There have been discussions regarding the feasibility of using ammonia-water mixtures at high temperatures due to the nitridation effect resulting in the corrosion of the equipment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5 shows the optimal cycle efficiency values for the different turbine inlet ammonia mass fractions. The trend of the variation in the cycle efficiency with the turbine inlet ammonia mass fraction was explained in detail for the KC12 layout by Modi and Haglind [21]. In short, the rate of exergy destruction in the two condensers CD1 and CD2, the recuperator RE1 and the turbine TUR shows a decreasing trend; whereas the rate of exergy destruction 265 in the recuperator RE2 first increases and then decreases.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Part-load performance of a high temperature Kalina cycle

Modi

Andreasen

Kærn

et al. 2015

Energy Conversion and Management

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The Kalina cycle has recently seen increased interest as an alternative to the conventional steam Rankine cycle. The cycle has been studied for use with both low and high temperature applications such as geothermal power plants, ocean thermal energy conversion, waste heat recovery, gas turbine bottoming cycle and solar power plants. The high temperature cycle layouts are inherently more complex than the low temperature layouts due to the presence of a distillation-condensation subsystem, three pressure levels and several heat exchangers. This paper presents a detailed approach to solve the Kalina cycle in part-load operating conditions for high temperature (a turbine inlet temperature of 500• C) and high pressure (100 bar) applications. A central receiver concentrating solar power plant with direct vapour generation is considered as a case study where the part-load conditions are simulated by changing the solar heat input to the receiver. Compared with the steam Rankine cycle, the Kalina cycle has an additional degree of freedom in terms of the ammonia mass fraction which can be varied in order to maximize the part-load efficiency of the cycle. The results include the part-load curves for various turbine inlet ammonia mass fractions, and the fitted equations for these curves.

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Performance analysis of a Kalina cycle for a central receiver solar thermal power plant with direct steam generation

Cited by 68 publications

References 22 publications

An Assessment of Transport Property Estimation Methods for Ammonia–Water Mixtures and Their Influence on Heat Exchanger Size

An Assessment of Transport Property Estimation Methods for Ammonia–Water Mixtures and Their Influence on Heat Exchanger Size

Design and optimization of a novel organic Rankine cycle with improved boiling process

Part-load performance of a high temperature Kalina cycle

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