Perfluorooctanoic Acid and Perfluorooctane Sulfonate in Two Fish Species Collected from the Roter Main River, Bayreuth, Germany

Abstract

Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) are widely distributed in the environment. In this study the accumulation potential of PFOA and PFOS in two fish species with different feeding strategies, i.e. chub (Leuciscus cephalus) and river goby (Gobio gobio) inhabiting a river receiving treated waste waters from a municipal waste water treatment plant, were estimated. PFOS was detected in chub (7-250 microg kg(-1) wet weight) and river goby (70-400 microg kg(-1) wet weight) with bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) of 4600 (liver) and 11,000 (organs). PFOA concentrations in both fish were low and in chub mostly below detection limit.

Bioaccumulation and risk assessment of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in wild freshwater fish from rivers in the Pearl River Delta region, South China

“…2). This is in good agreement with previous studies performed on various fish species such as rainbow trout, grass carp, common carp, snakehead, and tilapia (Martin et al, 2003;Becker et al, 2010;Shi et al, 2012). This phenomenon might be explained by the high binding affinity of PFASs for liver fatty acid-binding protein (Luebker et al, 2002).…”

“…This is consistent with the trend observed in wild aquatic organisms in the Great Lakes and chub from Orge River Labadie and Chevreuil, 2011). The log BAF muscle values for PFOS (2.7-3.4) were lower than those observed for European chub (3.7) (Becker et al, 2010), European eel (3.5) (Kwadijk et al, 2010) and Lake trout (3.8-4.4) (Furdui et al, 2007). This could be explained by site or speciesspecific behaviors or different dietary habits.…”

“…But the PFOS concentrations from the present study were much lower than the fish from the Mississippi River (28.5-382 ng/g) and Minnesota Rivers near 3 M Company (Former biggest fluorochemical plant), where the maximum concentration in muscle was as high as 2000 ng/g. In fish liver, the PFOS concentrations (0.95-1500 ng/g) in the present study were higher than in those in Japan, Vietnam Malaysia and Germany with the concentrations ranging from 2.35 to 123 ng/g ww (Becker et al, 2010;Murakami et al, 2011). The varied concentrations of PFASs measured in fish species at different sites in the present study can be explained by various factors such as the different PFASs concentrations in water, different chemical properties, species-specific bioaccumulation characteristics and different dietary habitat.…”

“…The liver/muscle concentration ratios for PFOS were found to range from 6.9 in crucian carp to 42 in snakehead, which are lower than the value of 61.5 in Chinese sturgeon (Peng et al, 2010) and basically at a similar level to the value of 10 in fish from Mediterranean Sea (Nania et al, 2009) and 9.5 for chub from Roter Main River in Bayreuth, Germany (Becker et al, 2010). The mean liver/muscle ratios for PFDA, PFUnDA, PFDoDA, PFTrDA and PFTeDA in the present study were 3.0-23, 5.0-30, 3.7-32, 2.8-25 and 2.0-34, respectively.…”

“…Some previous studies have also reported the occurrence of PFOS in fish globally with the concentrations ranging from a few ng/g to thousands ng/g level (Senthilkumar et al, 2007;Delinsky et al, 2010;Berger et al, 2009;Quinete et al, 2009;Becker et al, 2010;Schuetze et al, 2010;Labadie and Chevreuil, 2011;Malinsky et al, 2011;Murakami et al, 2011;Zhang et al, 2011;Shi et al, 2012;Hloušková et al, 2013), and a comparison of PFOS concentrations in fish is presented in Table S7. In general, the concentrations of PFOS in fish muscle of this region ( o0.03-79 ng/g) are higher than those reported in fish from most Asian countries, such as Vietnam, Malaysia and Beijing of north China, where its concentrations ranged from 0.20 to 2.3 ng/g, and were almost at the same level with those in most European countries, such as Sweden, Czech and Germany (0.97-23 ng/g).…”