Perfectionism and attitudes toward cognitive enhancers (“smart drugs”)

Stoeber, Joachim; Hotham, Sarah

doi:10.1016/j.paid.2015.09.011

Cited by 25 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Depending on the nature of the group and the moral norms these endorse, this can have positive as well as negative implications (Pulfrey & Butera, 2016; Renger, Mommert, Renger, & Simon, 2016; Stoeber & Hotham, 2016; Stoeber & Yang, 2016). The relevance and everyday implications of these phenomena are also documented in studies examining the emergence of moral conformity on social media (Kelly, Ngo, Chituc, Huettel, & Sinnott-Armstrong, 2017) or the way international experiences and exposure to multiple moral norms in different foreign countries can elicit moral relativism (Lu, Quoidbach, Gino, Chakroff, Maddux, & Galinsky, 2017).…”

Section: Discussion and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Psychology of Morality: A Review and Analysis of Empirical Studies Published From 1940 Through 2017

Ellemers

Toorn

Paunov

et al. 2019

Pers Soc Psychol Rev

242

184

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We review empirical research on (social) psychology of morality to identify which issues and relations are well documented by existing data and which areas of inquiry are in need of further empirical evidence. An electronic literature search yielded a total of 1,278 relevant research articles published from 1940 through 2017. These were subjected to expert content analysis and standardized bibliometric analysis to classify research questions and relate these to (trends in) empirical approaches that characterize research on morality. We categorize the research questions addressed in this literature into five different themes and consider how empirical approaches within each of these themes have addressed psychological antecedents and implications of moral behavior. We conclude that some key features of theoretical questions relating to human morality are not systematically captured in empirical research and are in need of further investigation.

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Section: Discussion and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Psychology of Morality: A Review and Analysis of Empirical Studies Published From 1940 Through 2017

Ellemers

Toorn

Paunov

et al. 2019

Pers Soc Psychol Rev

242

184

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Furthermore, PEAS was also adapted to assess general attitude toward cognitive enhancement. In all three studies, the rationale for this choice was linked to attitudes toward performance enhancement in sport, either within the study itself (Vargo et al, 2015) or through previous studies of relevance (Stoeber & Hotham, 2016;Wolff & Brand, 2013). Stoeber and Hotham (2016), as well as Wolff and Brand (2013) only used adapted scales measuring attitude towards cognitive/neuro enhancement and did notat least partiallyuse original PEAS items.…”

Section: Systematic Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

The performance enhancement attitude scale (PEAS) reached ‘adulthood’: Lessons and recommendations from a systematic review and meta-analysis

Folkerts

Loh

Petróczi

et al. 2021

Psychology of Sport and Exercise

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Doping is an omnipresent issue in both professional and amateur sports. Advances in social science research, including studies on doping attitude, have played a pivotal role in developing an understanding that prohibition and testing alone do not deter athletes from doping. Research on doping attitude has relied heavily on the Performance Enhancement Attitude Scale (PEAS). Yet, to date, no systematic review and meta-analysis of the PEAS have been conducted. Thus, the purpose of this study is, for the first time, to cumulate evidence for the psychometric properties of PEAS; specifically to conduct a qualitative synthesis and perform a meta-analysis to analyze the available results and findings for internal consistency reliability, gender differences and user/non-user differences in doping attitude assessed by the PEAS. PRISMA protocol was employed for data identification and selection. Included articles were assessed for data quality and biases. Meta-analysis with random effects models was used to determine overall internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's alpha) and descriptive statistics (Mean, SD) for a subset of studies using the full 17-item PEAS. Eighty-two studies were eligible for qualitative synthesis, and a subsample of 42 studies were meta-analyzed. The quantitative analyses yield an overall PEAS score of 39.18 (2.30 on a 6-point scale) and Cronbach's alpha of .85. Males and admitted doping users scored higher on PEAS then females and non-users, but still within the 'negative' spectrum. Medium to strong correlations were recorded with moral disengagement (r = .42-.75). The meta-analysis showed good level of internal consistency reliability for the PEAS. Overall, negative doping attitude characterized the athlete population, regardless of gender or involvement in doping. The latter, coupled with sole reliance on self-reports for doping, questions the validity of PEAS as proxy for indexing doping behavior. Future research will benefit from a standardized short version of PEAS. The evident moral angle of the PEAS limits the scale's utility as a global attitude measure and warrants recalibration of the scale as a measure of moral doping attitude. Advances in doping behavior research calls for a more nuanced understanding of the role of attitudes toward doping and clean sport behavior; new and more specific attitude measures toward doping that separate moral and functional aspects effectively, along with a psychometrically sound instrument for adolescents.

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“…However, this does not preclude the use of this subscale in future research focused on the importance of order and good organization. The ORG scale is still in use (e.g., Stoeber and Hotham 2016) and some researchers (e.g., Sironic and Reeve 2015) even propose that organization should be viewed as a potential core dimension of perfectionism. As a result, researchers must be aware that the removal of the ORG scale from the Polish adaptation of the FMPS may have implications regarding the representativeness of the instrument.…”

Section: The Factor Structure Of the Polish Adaptation Of The Fmpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factor structure and psychometric properties of a Polish adaptation of the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale

Piotrowski

Bojanowska

2019

Curr Psychol

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The Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (FMPS) is one of the most popular questionnaires for measuring perfectionism. Although this scale is in common use, its psychometric parameters still remain in dispute. The aim of this article is to present the Polish adaptation of the FMPS in a non-clinical sample. 696 university students aged 18 to 42 (M = 26.74, SD = 7.56) took part in the study. Confirmatory Factor Analyses suggested that the most appropriate factor structure of the adapted version of the FMPS contains 5 correlated factors: CM (concerns over mistakes), DAA (doubts about actions), PE (parental expectations), PC (parental criticism), and PS (personal standards). The ORG (organization) subscale was removed after evaluation. The evaluation of the specific relationships of each dimension of the adapted version of the FMPS with shame, guilt, worry, rumination, and indecisiveness revealed that when controlling for the variances of the remaining dimensions, significant relationships occurred almost only in the case of the CM, DAA and PS scales, suggesting that they constitute the three core facets of perfectionism as measured by the FMPS.

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Perfectionism and attitudes toward cognitive enhancers (“smart drugs”)

Cited by 25 publications

References 29 publications

The Psychology of Morality: A Review and Analysis of Empirical Studies Published From 1940 Through 2017

The Psychology of Morality: A Review and Analysis of Empirical Studies Published From 1940 Through 2017

The performance enhancement attitude scale (PEAS) reached ‘adulthood’: Lessons and recommendations from a systematic review and meta-analysis

Factor structure and psychometric properties of a Polish adaptation of the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale

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