Percutaneous penetration following use of hair dyes

Maibach, H. I.

doi:10.1001/archderm.111.11.1444

Cited by 8 publications

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“…Early studies involved experiments on dogs (2) or mice (3); the results, however, were difficult to extrapolate to man. In a more realistic approach, Wolfram and Maibach (4)(5)(6) studied the penetration of p-PD through human scalp as well as that of rhesus monkeys following the application of a commercial hair dyeing product. The use of ''C-labelled p-PD in their study made quantitative measurements possible in the urines of each over a six-day period.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Percutaneous absorption of p‐phenylene diamine during an actual hair dyeing procedure

Goetz¹,

Lasserre²,

Bore³

et al. 1988

Intern J of Cosmetic Sci

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SynopsisAn analytical method has been developed that allows the determination of p-phenylene diamine derivatives in urinary samples collected from women after hair dyeing with commercial formulations. During an on-line flash hydrolysis of the urine, a number of metabolites of p-phenylene diamine were hydrolyzed to free p-phenylene diamine, which was then determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The excretion of metabolites of p-phenylene diamine could be followed during 24 or 48 hours after the dye had been applied. Most of the p-phenylene diamine cleaved by the flash hydrolysis procedure was, in fact, involved in the N,N'-diacetyl combination. The dose excretion for p-phenylene diamine as measured by this method was comparable to that found by other authors who made use of radioactively labelled material. The present analytical method can be used to evaluate procedures intended to decrease the percutaneous absorption of p-phenylene diamine. Thus, a five-to ten-fold decrease in its penetration was observed by protecting the scalp with clay before applying the dyeing composition. Pknktration percutand de la p-phknylene diamine lors de I'application rklle d'une teinture capillaire ResumeLa methode analytique developpee ici permet de doser les derives d e la p-phenylene diamine dans les urines humaines collectees apres I'application d'une teinture capillaire du commerce. Dans I'injecteur fortement alcalinise d'un chromatographe en phase gazeuse, un certain nombre de metabolites de la p-phenylene diamine sont hydrolyses en pphenylene diamine libre. Cette derniere est separee sur la colonne puis detectee par fragmentometrie d e masse. Cette technique permet de suivre I'excretion urinaire d e derives de la p-phenylkne diamine pendant les 24 ou 48 heures qui suivent I'application d e la teinture. Environ 85% de la quantite excretee en 48 heuresest en fait recuperee apres 24 heures. Une methode de chromatographie liquide a ete mise au point pour doser spkifiquement la N,N'-diacetyl-p-phenylene diamine dans les urines. Environ 80% de la p-phenyltne diamine liberee lors de I'hydrolyse flash dans I'injecteur est en fait engagee dans ce derive diacetyle. La fraction de la dose appliquee qui est retrouvee dans les urines d e 24 heures par cette methode est d e 0.04% a 0.2570, ce qui est tout a fait comparable aux resultats obtenus par d'autres auteurs qui ont utilise la molecule marquee par un radioelement. Pour un sujet donne, utilisant une teinture donnee, la quantite de derives d e la p-phenylene diamine retrouvee dans les urines d e 24 heures est relativement constante d'une experience a I'autre. La methodologie decrite peut donc stre utilisee pour verifier I'efficacite des procedes visant a diminuer la phetration percutanee d e la p-phenylene diamine. Une diminution d'un facteur 5 a 10 d e cette penetration a effectivement ete observee en protegeant le scalp avec de I'argile avant I'application de la teinture. 63 64 N. Goetz el a/.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Percutaneous absorption of p‐phenylene diamine during an actual hair dyeing procedure

Goetz¹,

Lasserre²,

Bore³

et al. 1988

Intern J of Cosmetic Sci

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“…Aromatic amines in hair dyes are mutagenic in vitro 3, 4 and carcinogenic in experimental animals 5. Small amounts of these potentially carcinogenic substances are absorbed percutaneously during normal use 6–8…”

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confidence: 99%

Use of permanent hair dyes and bladder-cancer risk

et al. 2001

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A population‐based case‐control study was conducted in Los Angeles, California, which involved 1,514 incident cases of bladder cancer and an equal number of age‐, sex‐ and ethnicity‐matched controls. Information on personal use of hair dyes was obtained from 897 cases and their matched controls. After adjustment for cigarette smoking, a major risk factor for bladder cancer, women who used permanent hair dyes at least once a month experienced a 2.1‐fold risk of bladder cancer relative to non‐users (p for trend = 0.04). Risk increased to 3.3 (95% CI = 1.3–8.4) among regular (at least monthly) users of 15 or more years. Occupational exposure to hair dyes was associated with an increased risk of bladder cancer in this study. Subjects who worked for 10 or more years as hairdressers or barbers experienced a 5‐fold (95% CI = 1.3–19.2) increase in risk compared to individuals not exposed. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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“…cm h-' (21) or 2.0 X In fact, this amount will be much smaller because the surface of the hair is about one hundred times the area of the scalp (25). Moreover, the affinity of hair dyeing material towards hair keratin is much higher than towards the horny layer of t h e scalp.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of an in vitro percutaneous permeation model with two oxidative hair dyes

Bracher¹,

Faller²,

Noser³

1987

Intern J of Cosmetic Sci

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Synopsis The percutaneous permeation of two oxidative hair dyes was measured by means of pig skin in a flow-through diffusion cell system entirely constructed from Teflon. Pig skin membranes were prepared by reducing full thickness skin with a dermatome to a more in vivo-like barrier layer and their integrity was checked by measuring the steady-state permeation of tritiated water. Initially, the inter- and intraindividual variability of percutaneous permeation was determined with an aqueous solution of 1-(2'-hydroxyethyl)-amino-3,4-methylenedioxybenzene-hydrochloride, an oxidative hair dye component. In the same way the proper flow rate of elution fluid through the receptor cell was found to be most favourable at 10 ml h(-1), the thickness of permeation membranes was fixed at 1 mm, and it was shown that storage of the skin at -20 degrees C for up to 35 days did not change the permeability. The percutaneous permeation of the same hair dye component and of 4-amino-2-hydroxymethylphenol-hydrochloride was determined after application to pig skin membranes under practical conditions of hair dyeing. The in vitro skin permeation was in the same order of magnitude as results from comparable in vivo skin absorption studies in rats. Perméation percutanée in vitro de colorants d'oxydation pour cheveux.

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Percutaneous penetration following use of hair dyes

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Percutaneous absorption of p‐phenylene diamine during an actual hair dyeing procedure

Percutaneous absorption of p‐phenylene diamine during an actual hair dyeing procedure

Use of permanent hair dyes and bladder-cancer risk

Evaluation of an in vitro percutaneous permeation model with two oxidative hair dyes

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