2007
DOI: 10.1590/s1516-89132007000700006
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Abstract: Transdermal applications of drugs present many advantages in terms of absorption, however this is not easily obtained through the transdermal route. The principle barrier is the stratum corneum and one of the strategies that have been found to promote cutaneous drug penetration is through the use of absorption enhancers. Many substances have been identified as absorption enhancers. Although the list of substances that promote absorption is growing, in most cases, there is a direct correlation between the effec… Show more

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Cited by 19 publications
(12 citation statements)
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“…Propylene glycol acts as a penetration enhancer for the drugs which are better soluble in alcohol than in water. The solvation of keratin within the stratum corneum by competition with water for the hydrogen bond binding sites and the intercalation in the polar head groups of the lipid bilayers by propylene glycol are postulated as mechanisms of action for the penetration enhancement [27]. The synergistic combinatorial effect of ethanol and soya lecithin is depicted to be responsible for a deeper drug loaded distribution and penetration into the skin layers [28].…”
Section: Preparation and Evaluation Of Ethosomal Gelmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Propylene glycol acts as a penetration enhancer for the drugs which are better soluble in alcohol than in water. The solvation of keratin within the stratum corneum by competition with water for the hydrogen bond binding sites and the intercalation in the polar head groups of the lipid bilayers by propylene glycol are postulated as mechanisms of action for the penetration enhancement [27]. The synergistic combinatorial effect of ethanol and soya lecithin is depicted to be responsible for a deeper drug loaded distribution and penetration into the skin layers [28].…”
Section: Preparation and Evaluation Of Ethosomal Gelmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…33 On the other hand, oleic acid is likely to dissolve the ligation of the horny layer by diminishing the lipid-binding temperature. 33,34…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Sifat fisik-kimia obat dipengaruhi oleh koefisien partisi, ukuran molekul, kelarutan, titik leleh, kemampuan ionisasi, serta koefisien difusi. Selain itu, kemampuan pentrasi ke dalam kulit juga dipengaruhi oleh sistem penghantaran obatnya, seperti karakteristik perilisan, komposisi sistem penghantaran obat, serta kemampuan permeasi transdermal [4], [5]. Secara umum permeasi transdermal dapat ditingkatkan melalui 3 mekanisme, yaitu merusak atau mengubah sifat fisik-kimia stratum korneum, interaksi dengan interselular dalam stratum korneum, serta meningkatkan partisi obat dalam stratum korneum [6].…”
Section: Gambar 2 Rute Penetrasi Obat Transdermal [4]unclassified
“…Sedangkan pada elektroosmosis, molekul netral ditranspor dengan aliran pelarut. Aplikasi secara elektroosmosis atau reverse-iontoforesis telah digunakan pada alat GlucoWatch untuk mengukur kadar glukosa darah dari cairan interstisial [1], [4], [5].…”
Section: Iontoforesisunclassified