Perceptive Review of Ferrous Micro/Macro Material Models for Thermo-Mechanical Processing Applications

Abstract

Perceptive review of progress in development of ferrous materials models for computational engineering applications is the subject of the present work. Development of both micro/macro mean field and full field material models during last forty years is presented and discussed. Evolution of conventional mean field models based on closed form or differential equations is described first to present the progression in thinking of materials. Then, recent progress and selected advancements in development of full field models are addressed to present the state-of-the-art, as well as directions for future developments. Finally, capabilities, as well as limitations and drawbacks of both groups of models are discussed on the basis of selected case studies.

Mean field and full field modelling of microstructure evolution and phase transformations during hot forming and cooling of low carbon steels

“…A thorough comparative discussion of the mean field and full field approaches to modelling dynamic recrystallization is presented in the Maire's PhD thesis (2018). A similar discussion regarding modelling of grain growth can be found in Furstoss et al (2020) while publication by Pietrzyk and Madej (2017) presents a general comparison of the mean field and full field material models in describing microstructure evolution during hot forming and controlled cooling of metallic materials.…”

“…JMAK equation was developed long before the multiscale modelling was proposed. A review of the development of metal forming modelling accounting for the microstructure evolution can be found in Pietrzyk and Madej (2017). The JMAK equation was originally developed for isothermal conditions, therefore, Scheil additivity rule (Scheil, 1935) had to be applied to account for changes of the temperature.…”

“…It means that multiscale approach has to be applied. The majority of developed multi-scale models can be classified into two groups: upscaling and concurrent multi-scale computing techniques (Allix, 2006); see also authors' publications (Pietrzyk & Madej, 2017;Madej et al, 2008). The major difference in the two approaches lies in the concept of physical area description at various length scales.…”

Effect of forging sequence on evolution of parameters controlling microstructure in multistage drop forging process

“…In order to analyze the evolution of microstructure during consecutive forging operations, JMAK model based on classic theory of nucleation and grain growth was employed in the study, as the model which has been successfully used in modeling dynamic behavior of hot deformed microalloyed steels (Majta et al, 2002;Pietrzyk & Madej, 2014). As far as the present demonstrative microalloyed steel is concerned, reliability of the model with regard to prediction of the microstructure changes during hammer forging of microalloyed steel is referred in related studies (Skubisz et al, 2017a;Skubisz et al, 2017b), where consistency to experimental measurements of the size of as-forged direct cooled ferrite-pearlite grains was assessed.…”

Computationally Efficient Cellular Automata‐Based Full‐Field Models of Static Recrystallization: A Perspective Review

“…[20][21][22] Since computing times for these models are very short, they can be solved at each integration (Gauss) point of the FE mesh without causing a noticeable increase in the simulation costs, even for multiscale computations. [23] Due to the relative simplicity of the mathematical formulations and execution speed, they are still common in industrial applications. However, one of the major drawbacks is that they do not consider the influence of often heterogeneous microstructures on the final product properties in a DOI: 10.1002/srin.202200657…”