Perceived threat and benefit toward community compliance of filariasis’ mass drug administration in Pekalongan district, Indonesia

Abstract

PurposeLymphatic filariasis (LF) is a chronic infection of Brugia malayi, Brugia timori, and Wuchereria bancrofti and is a mosquito-transmitted disease. Mass drug administration (MDA) needs to be done annually to control LF and requires adherence of endemic populations to take medication properly. Maintaining high coverage of MDA is a challenge because the activity needs to be done in several years. This study would like to know the compliance of the community in taking medication during MDA periods in Pekalongan district using the health belief model (HBM) approach.Patients and methodsStudy population was people living in endemic areas in Pekalongan district, Central Java Province. This was a cross-sectional study. HBM approach was used to analyze community perceived in regard to MDA. There were six of the 19 subdistrict selected as study location, and 100 subjects were selected from each sub-district. Therefore, a total of 600 subjects participated in this study. Data were collected using the structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed quantitatively using the Chi-squared test. Multivariate analysis was used for logistic regression.ResultsResults of this study showed that the mean age of subjects was 38.6 years and had been staying in their villages for more than 30 years. Gender, marital status, history of LF, history of LF in the family, and external cues to action did not relate to MDA compliance. Perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, and perceived barriers were factors related to the compliance of MDA. After multivariate analysis, the perceived susceptibility did not have relationship with compliance.ConclusionThis study showed HBM variables, ie, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefit, and perceived barrier associated with the medication adherence of LF. The role of elimination officers was important to increase community knowledge about MDA program and the benefit to control LF disease.

Barriers to the Implementation of Isoniazid Preventive Therapy Among Children Under Five Years Old in Close Contact With Sputum Smear-Positive Tb Patients

“…The insignificant result in this study is in line with a study in Ethiopia (p=0.061). A similar result was obtained from research in Pekalongan which stated that perceived vulnerability, which is a component of perceived threats, did not affect treatment adherence (p=0.272) [27,29].…”

Low Knowledge and Lack of Awareness Regarding the Mass Drug Administration Health Promotion as the Determinant Factors in Non-Compliance to the Mass Drug Administration Health Program

“…The study in India found out that the subjects who did not consume the medication feared experiencing side effects and they "don't have faith in a tablet". 14 Perceived vulnerability, perceived severity, perceived benefits, and perceived barriers were determinants of adherence to the MDA program based on a study conducted by Widjanarko, et al 15 In general, the majority of respondents had a good perception and most of them felt the need to take preventive medicine for filariasis. 15 Several MDAs in various countries have encountered the mistrust of the communities in the MDA program.…”

“…14 Perceived vulnerability, perceived severity, perceived benefits, and perceived barriers were determinants of adherence to the MDA program based on a study conducted by Widjanarko, et al 15 In general, the majority of respondents had a good perception and most of them felt the need to take preventive medicine for filariasis. 15 Several MDAs in various countries have encountered the mistrust of the communities in the MDA program. These include suspicions that the drugs are being used to poison children, being used as birth control, and even cause erectile dysfunction.…”

Prevalensi Wuchereria bancrofti Paska Pemberian Obat Pencegahan Massal Filariasis Limfatik di Wilayah Endemis Rendah Kota Pekalongan

“…10 Beberapa wilayah juga melaporkan bahwa masih ditemukan positif antigenaemia pada siswa pada saat evaluasi TAS, baik yang nilainya di bawah cut of point (lulus TAS) maupun yang melebihi cut of point (gagal), di Kabupaten Agam Sumatera Barat TAS-1 (B. malayi), 11 dan di negara lain seperti Bangladesh ditemukan positif pada wilayah endemis tinggi (W. bancrofti). 12 Faktor yang mempengaruhi terjadinya penularan kembali LF (re-transmission) pada wilayah yang telah menyelesaikan POPM diantaranya adalah cakupan POPM yang rendah, 13,14,15,16 penolakan masyarakat karena reaksi efek obat, 17 metode surveilans, lingkungan (agen, vektor, dan reservoar), 18,19,20 faktor sosial demografi, serta perilaku masyarakat (perilaku berisiko dan kepatuhan minum obat). 20,21,22 Burgert-Bucker et al melaporkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang potensial antara kegagalan pengobatan LF dengan kepadatan penduduk, pengobatan dengan Diethylcarbamazine Citrate (DEC)-Albendazole, POPM 6 tahun atau lebih, terkait pula dengan faktor lingkungan yaitu geografis, curah hujan lebih tinggi, serta indeks vegetasi yang tinggi.…”

“…Hal ini serupa dengan penelitian/kajian sebelumnya yaitu sampel perempuan lebih mendominasi. 13,14 Karakteristik responden positif didominasi jenis kelamin laki-laki pada kelompok usia produktif yaitu kelompok usia (13-50 tahun). Kelompok usia produktif berjenis kelamin laki-laki mempunyai risiko lebih besar, diantaranya karena mobilitas yang tinggi serta lebih sering keluar rumah (bekerja diluar rumah).…”