Perceived Stress among Iranians during COVID-19 Pandemic; Stressors and Coping Mechanisms: A Mixed-methods Approach

Faghankhani, Masoomeh; Sodagari, Faezeh; Shokrani, Marjan; Baradaran, Hamid Reza; Adabi, Alimohammad; Zabihi, Masoud; Adeli, Aliyeh Mahdavi; Fathimakvand, Mahdi; Golalipour, Elahe; Aghdasi, Sina; Javanbakht, Arash; Nadoushan, Amir Hossein Jalali

doi:10.1177/07067437211004881

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 44 publications

(60 reference statements)

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“…The results of the current study highlight that perceived stress in COVID-19 patients who were hospitalized in the ICU for at least 24 h is high. The study by Faghankhani et al (2022) in Iran indicated that over half of the study population had high stress levels, and those who were hospitalized experienced more stress compared to other individuals ( Faghankhani et al, 2022 ). Furthermore, in another study conducted in Tehran, Iran, perceived stress among hospitalized COVID-19 patients was reported to be moderate to high ( Zandifar et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceived Stress and Level of Uncertainty Among Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients

Nabi Foodani,

Abbasi Dolatabadi,

Rahbariyan

et al. 2024

SAGE Open Nursing

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Introduction Disease uncertainty refers to the inability to assign meaning to events related to the illness. Uncertainty of the disease can affect various aspects of human life such as psychological aspects. Objectives This study aims to examine the relationship between disease uncertainty and perceived stress in COVID-19 patients. Methods An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted on 212 hospitalized COVID-19 patients who were initially admitted to the intensive care units (ICUs) and later transferred to general wards within the same hospitals. Three instruments were utilized to collect data for this study. The Demographic Information Questionnaire, Mishel Uncertainty in Illness Scale (MUIS) for disease uncertainty, and Perceived Stress Questionnaire. For data analysis, both descriptive and inferential statistics were employed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 25. Results The Pearson correlation coefficient matrix results showed a positive and significant relationship between uncertainty about the illness ( P < .001, r = 0.829), ambiguity ( P < .001, r = 0.795), complexity ( P < .001, r = 0.835), inconsistency or instability ( P < .001, r = 0.787), and unpredictability ( P < .001, r = 0.776) with perceived stress in COVID-19 patients transferred from the intensive care units. Conclusion Based on the findings of the current study, both uncertainty and perceived stress are elevated among COVID-19 patients, and a significant and direct relationship exists between these two variables. Healthcare providers, particularly nurses, should address the uncertainties surrounding emerging diseases, both at the hospital and community levels.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceived Stress and Level of Uncertainty Among Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients

Nabi Foodani,

Abbasi Dolatabadi,

Rahbariyan

et al. 2024

SAGE Open Nursing

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“…From the psychological contract theory's perspective, leaders of organisations are expected to fulfil certain obligations sufficiently (Restubog et al, 2013) to ensure increase in employees' innovative behaviour. However, the onset of COVID-19 resulted in negative effect on most organisations finances (Faghankhani et al, 2021). As a result, several managers had to make changes in certain things like the introduction of remote work.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When employees perceive there has been psychological contract breach, it makes them anxious, lose concentration and exhibit negative emotions (Difonzo, et al, 2020) all antecedents of stress (Panigrahi, 2016) explaining why Arunachalam (2021) posit that Psychological contract breach causes stress. Stress reflects a detectable reaction to any change, which activates and reflects in physical and mental reactions (Faghankhani et. al, 2021).…”

Section: Hypothesis Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychological Contract Breach, Stress and Employee Engagement During and After COVID-19: The Role of Inclusive Leadership

Parku

Obuobisa‐Darko

Asiedu

2023

Journal of Business, Management, and Social Studies

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This study extends both Social Exchange Theory and the Job Demands –Resources model by examining the connection between psychological contract breach, job stress and employee engagement in relation to the role inclusive leadership plays. Using a quantitative approach, data was gathered from two hundred and two (202) respondents, selected using convenience sampling technique. Data gathered was analysed using SPSS version 26 and SmartPLS 4. Results showed that Job Stress had a negative statistically significant impact on Inclusive Leadership Employee Engagement, Innovative Output and Turnover Intent. Inclusive Leadership Psychological Contract Breach had a positive significant relationship with Innovative Output but a negative relationship with Job Stress. The study also found out that Job Stress mediates the relationship between Inclusive Leadership Psychological Contract Breach and Inclusive Leadership Employee Engagement. The study contributes to clarifying and extend the social exchange theory (SET) by unravelling how the inclusive leader operates on respect, recognition, responsiveness and responsibility, in the reciprocal relationship between himself and their subordinates. Additionally, the study identifies the relationship between psychological contract breach, job stress and employee engagement in a developing country after the COVID-19 pandemic.

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“…The psychological well-being of nursing students during the pandemic is an important part of their academic success and requires appropriate coping mechanisms to deal with the situation. Many studies have investigated the perceived stress and coping strategies among university students, but fewer studies have correlated the situation to the pandemic [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. The perceived stress among nursing students is high and affects their psychological well-being, so they need a high level of resilience and coping mechanisms [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceived Stress and Coping Strategies among Nursing Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review

Ahmed

Abdulla

Alkhadher

et al. 2022

Saudi J Health Syst Res

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Background and Objective: Stress is common among nursing students, especially during COVID-19, because of direct contact with patients, so they need to cope with the stressors. The aim of this systematic review was to assess the level of perceived stress and coping strategies by nursing students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Material and Methods: Databases such as MEDLINE, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were searched using keywords. The authors used keywords (perceived stress, coping strategies or resilience, and nursing students). The language was restricted to English. The studies, conducted between December 2019 and December 2021, were included. The full articles were checked for eligibility. The reference manager software EndNote X4 was used for sorting and managing studies. This systematic review was registered on PROSPERO with a number: CRD42021267791. Results: Five studies were included in this review: the first study, from the Philippines, showed that levels of stress and coping strategies were estimated to be 79% and 76.8%, respectively; the second study, from Saudi Arabia, found that the rate of stress among nursing students was 30.9% with several strategies for coping, while the other study from Saudi Arabia showed that the stress level is 1.32 (low stress) and 1.95 (moderate stress) with different coping strategies (avoidance 1.47, problem solving 2.09, stay optimistic 2.06, and transference 1.87); the fourth study from the USA showed that the rate of stress is high 24.7%, with high levels of resilience among nursing students; and the fifth study showed that the rate of stress is 20.94 in the UK and 21.54 in China, with a resilience of 26.70 in the UK and 25.18 in China. Conclusion: The current systematic review showed that nursing students have a high level of stress in all included countries (the Philippines, Saudi Arabia, the USA, the UK, and China), and they developed appropriate coping strategies to face the situation.

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Perceived Stress among Iranians during COVID-19 Pandemic; Stressors and Coping Mechanisms: A Mixed-methods Approach

Cited by 4 publications

References 44 publications

Perceived Stress and Level of Uncertainty Among Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients

Perceived Stress and Level of Uncertainty Among Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients

Psychological Contract Breach, Stress and Employee Engagement During and After COVID-19: The Role of Inclusive Leadership

Perceived Stress and Coping Strategies among Nursing Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review

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